The Life of Charles Dickens Essay Example For Students

The Life of Charles Dickens Essay The Life of Charles DickensCharles Dickens was a nineteenth-century novelist who was and still isvery popular. He was born in Landport, a region of Portsmouth, on February 7,1812 (Kyle 1). Charles Dickens was the son of John Dickens and Elizabeth Barrow. JohnDickens was a minor government official who worked in the Navy Pay Office. Through his work there, he met Elizabeth and eventually married her. By 1821,when Charles was four months old, John Dickens could no longer afford the renton his house. John Dickens loved to entertain his friends with drinks andconversation. Throughout his life, he was very short of money and in debt. Heoften had to borrow money to pay off the debt and borrow more money to pay offthe people he borrowed the money from. Later on, John Dickens was transferredagain to work in the naval dockyard at Chatman. It was here that CharlesDickens earliest and clearest memories were formed (Mankowitz 9-14). We will write a custom essay on The Life of Charles Dickens specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Charles education included being taught at home by his mother,attending a Dame School at Chatman for a short time, and Wellington Academy inLondon. He was further educated by reading widely in the British Museum(Huffam). In late 1822, John was needed back at the London office, so they had tomove to London. This gave Charles opportunities to walk around the town with hisfather and take in the sights, sounds, and smells of the area. This gave himearly inspiration that he would use later on in his life when he started towrite (Mankowitz 13-14). James Lamert, the owner of a boot-blacking factory, saw the conditionsthat the Dickens family was going through. He offered Charles a job there andhe was paid six shillings a week which was reasonable at that time. Soon, hewas moved downstairs in the sweatshop-like room. Charles had been working atthe factory for less than two weeks when his father was arrested for debt. Hewas sent to debtors prison where he did work to pay off his debt. John paid forCharles lodging, but Charles had to pay for his food and everything else withthe six shillings he earned every week. The details of London and of prisonlife were imprinting themselves into Dickens memory and would one day help himin the novels he wrote. After John was in prison for three months, his motherdied leaving him enough money to get out of debtors prison (Mankowitz 20-22). Late in Charles teens, he became a court reporter. This introduced himto journalism, and he also became interested in politics. Some of his earlyshort stories and sketches, which were published in various London newspapersand magazines, were compiled in 1836 to form his first book, Sketches by Boz. This book sold well (Huffam). In 1837, he wrote another book called Posthumous Papers of the PickwickClub. It was written in monthly installments. Dickens had become the mostpopular author in England by the time the fourth installment was done. Thisperiod is now known as Dickens early period because of the interest he wasgaining for his novels. During this period, he wrote Sketches by Boz,Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, Oliver Twist (1838), The Life andAdventures of Nicholas Nickleby (1839), and The Old Curiosity Shop (1841)(Huffam). In 1842, Dickens traveled to the US hoping to gain support for hisliberal political ideas. He returned to England deeply disappointed. He wrotetwo books expressing how he felt about the US. These books mainly criticizedthe US for not having a copyright law, the acceptance of slavery, and thevulgarity of the people. These books were American Notes for GeneralCirculation (1842) and The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit (1844). .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee , .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee .postImageUrl , .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee , .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee:hover , .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee:visited , .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee:active { border:0!important; } .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee:active , .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4ec0ad1f8297e13c3cae75cb434231ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Breast Cancer EssayChuzzlewit was a big failure, but many critics believed it was a criticalturning point in his career because he realized that greed corrupted the humansoul. This is known as his middle period. During this period, he became moreconcerned with human life (Huffam). The first book that would start Dickens middle period would be AChristmas Carol (1843). During his middle period, he wrote two more Christmasbooks. They were The Chimes (1844) and The Cricket on the Hearth (1845). Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son (1848) was his next novel. In thisnovel, he tries to show the dehumanizing effects of wealth, pride, andcommercial values. He would write another novel during this period called ThePersonal History of David Copperfield in 1850. The Life Of Charles Dickens Essay Example For Students The Life Of Charles Dickens Essay INTRODUCTION This report will talk about the life of a famous author, Charles Dickens. It will tell you about his early, middle, and later years of his life. It will also talk about one of his great works of literature. In conclusion, this report will show a comparison of his work to his life. EARLY LIFECharles Dickens was born at Landport, in Portsea, on February 7, 1812. His father was a clerk in the Navy Pay-Office, and was temporarily on duty in the neighborhood when Charles was born. His name was John Dickens. He spent time in prison for debts. But, even when he was freehe lacked the money to support his family. Then, when Charles was two they moved to London. 1 Just before he started to toddle, he stepped into the glare of footlights. He never stepped out of it until he died. He was a good man, as men go in the bewildering world of ours, brave, transparent, tender-hearted, and honorable. Dickens was always a little too irritable because he was a little too happy. Like the over-wrought child in society, he was splendidly sociable, and in and yet sometimes quarrelsome. In all the practical relations of his life he was what the child is at a party, genuinely delighted, delightful, affectionate and happy, and in some strange way fundamentally sad and dangerously close to tears. 2 At the age of 12 Charles worked in a London factory pasting labels on bottles of shoe polish. He held the job only for a few months, but the misery of the experience remain with him all his life. 3 Dickens attended school off and on until he was 15, and then left for good. He enjoyed reading and was especially fond of adventure stories, fairy tales, and novels. He was influenced by such earlier English writers as William Shakespeare, Tobias Smollet, and Henry Fielding. However,most of the knowledge he later used as an author came from his environment around him. 4MIDDLE LIFEDickens became a newspaper writer and reporter in the late 1820s. He specialized in covering debates in Parliament, and also wrote feature articles. His work as a reporter sharpened his naturally keen ear for conversation and helped develop his skill in portraying his characters speachrealistically. It also increased his ability to observe and to write swiftly and clearly. Dickens first book, Sketches b y Boz (1836) consisted of articles he wrote for the Monthly Magazine and the London Evening Chronicles.5 On April 2, 1836 he married Catherine Hogarth. This was just a few days before the anoucement that on the 31st he would have his first work printed in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. And this was the beginning of his career. 6 Then, at 24, Dickens became famous and was so until he died. He won his first literary fame with The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Published in monthly parts in 1836 and 1837 the book describes the humorous adventure and misadventures of the English Countryside. After a slow start, The Pickwick Papers as the book was usually called gained a popularity seldom matched in the history of literature. 7 Then in 1837, Catherines sister Mary, died. Because of her death Dickens suffered a lot of grief. This led some scholars to believe that Dickens loved Mary more than Catherine. Catherine was a good woman but she lacked intelligence. Dickens a nd Catherine had 10 children. Then later in 1858, the couple seperated. 8 LATER LIFEHis later years was basically consisting of two main additions to his previous activites. The first was a series of public readings and lectures which he began giving it systematically. And second, he was a successive editor. Dickens had been many things in his life; he was a reporter , an actor, a conjurer, a poet, a lecturer, and a editor and he enjoyed all of those things. 9 Dickens had a remarkable mental and physical energy. He recorded all his activites in thousands of letter, many of which made delightful readings. He spent much of his later life with crowded social friends from arts and literature. He also went to the theater as often as he could, cause heloved drama. Dickens also produced and acted in small theaters to give public readings of hiswork.10 Besides doing all this after his retirement he got involved in various charities . These charities included schools for poor children and a loan society to enable the poor to prove to Australia. 11 Then about 1865 his health started to decline and he died of a stroke on June 9, 1870. 12Dickens Work The Great Expectations This story talks about a guy who is in love with a girl. It is the theme of a youths discovery of the realities of life. An unknown person provides the young hero, Pip, with money so that he can live as a gentleman. Pips pride is shattered when he learns that he loses Estella forever, the source ofhis great expectation. Only by painfully revising his values does Pip reestablish his life on a foundation of sympathy, rather than on vanity, possesions, and social position. .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850 , .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850 .postImageUrl , .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850 , .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850:hover , .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850:visited , .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850:active { border:0!important; } .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850:active , .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850 .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d362b414abbb16a0643df0b8d3f4850:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What Brought Our Ancestors To America? Essay We will write a custom essay on The Life Of Charles Dickens specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Conclusion His work of Great Expectation is very related with his life. It deals with the same problems he faced when he lost Catherine and how his life was before he became rich and famous. He also created scenes and descriptions of places that have longed delighted readers. Dickens was a keenobserver of life and had a great underezding of humanity, especially of young people. The warmth and humor of his personality appeared in all of his works. Perhaps in no other large body of fiction does the reader receive so strong and agreeable impression of the person behind thestory. Endnotes1. G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens The Last of The Great Men, American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942 pg.192. Ibid, pg. 21-22 3. Johnson, Edgar, His Tragedy and Triumph. Rev. ed. Viking, 1977, pg. 204. Ibid, pg. 275. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990 pg. 1936. G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens The Last of the Great Men, American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942 pg. 507. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990 pg. 1938. Johnson, Edgar, His Tragedy and Triumph. Rev. ed. Viking, 1977, pg. 539. G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens The Last of the Great Men, American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942 pg. 16710. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990 pg.195BIBLIOGRAPHYChesterton, G.K., The Last of the Great Men American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942. Johnson, Edgar, His Tragedy and Triumph Rev. ed. Viking, 1977. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990

Chicboy Marketing Plan Essay Essays

Chicboy Marketing Plan Essay Essays Chicboy Marketing Plan Essay Paper Chicboy Marketing Plan Essay Paper Chic-Boyâ„ ¢ is a new hallmark and concern theoretical account of Pier One Bar and Grill Holdings Corporation. the company behind the successful Pier One Bar and Grill eating house concatenation in the Philippines. It is a quick-service eating house that is a â€Å"cut above† fast nutrient. with a cult-like followers. Our construct focuses on quality. assortment and service. Chic-boy’s pride is its Cebu Lechon Manok and Cebu Lechon Liempo marinated and stuffed with her set spices and wood coal broiled to juicy and tasty flawlessness. * Aims The chief aim of Chic-Boy is to supply people/ their clients with great nutrients at low-cost monetary values. supply convenience by leting household reunions and acquire together. And last but non the least. one of their aims is to spread out the concern by supplying and leting franchise. * THE FRANCHISOR-FRANCHISEE RELATIONSHIP Franchisor shall supply Franchisee with specifications for trade names and types of any equipment. fixtures and furniture required for the Franchised Facility. The Franchisor will supply supplies such as merchandises. equipment and stuffs antecedently designed and provided by the Franchisor to be used in the Franchised Facilities and â€Å"services† that includes. but is non limited to. consistent invention and redevelopment of merchandises and procedures. in-store audit cheques related to the consistent patterns of hygiene. safety. and proper execution of pre-defined pharmaceutics patterns and methods. besides developing and aid plan will be given. * Duties of the Franchisee The duty of the franchisee will concentrate on the go oning services and royalty fees. accounting and records. criterions of quality and public presentation. * PRODUCTS AND SERVICES The company offers a broad assortment of repasts such as Chiquito Meals. Chibog-Busog Meals. Cebu Lechon. Magandand Umaga Meals. Sphagetamis. Nipponese. Appetizers. Merienda. Desserts. Soup. Sizzling Specials and etc. Most repasts are served with house soup and limitless rice. they besides offerbottomless iced tea. They besides give clients fried garlic for free. * MANAGEMENT. STAFFING. STRATEGIC PARTNERS. ANG PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT * Management TeamThe proprietor is considered as the General Manager of one shop. In every shop the highest place that is managing the day-to-day production is their several Supervisors. . * StaffingThe freshly franchised Chic-Boy mercantile establishment will be engaging 11 staffs dwelling of the cooks. crews. tellers and security guard. * Strategic Partner and Professional SupportAs for strategic spouse. the company will be provided with general contractors will be responsible for the shop equipments. care and physical properties and design of the shop. and as for professional support. an comptroller to head the accounting and fiscal side of the company. * Gantt ChartAs for the agenda of activities of the company. Chic-Boy will hold a one twelvemonth readying before it will officially open. The given month will be from September 2012- September 2013. * OPERATIONS * Hours and Days of OperationThe proposed Chic-Boy mercantile establishment will be runing for seven ( 7 ) times a hebdomad. 16 ( 16 ) hours a twenty-four hours. The shop hours will be from 7:00 am up to 10:00 autopsy * Layout and FacilitiesThe shop will be at least 200sqm. It will hold a 2nd floor to suit the figure of clients. The chairs and tabular arraies will be arranged as to let the clients to still walk in between the them even if ther are a batch of clients. * Licensing. Permitting A ; Other Regulatory IssuesGeting the needed concern licence and licenses for Chic-Boy is a necessary measure to guarantee that the concern is staying the bylaws. It needs some sortof concern licence or license to run the concern lawfully. Chic-boy will acquire first clearance and license before heading to the Securities and Exchange in Commission. * Operating ProceduresThe process will be a simple procedure get downing from the entryway of the client followed by the buying of the nutrient. ingestions of the ordered point and so go forthing of the client one time done and satisfied. Then as a new client arrives. the procedure starts once more. * Inventory ManagementThe merchandises of Chic-Boy will be ordered from the commissary in a day-to-day need footing. It will be stored in the kitchen hair-raisers to continue good quality and freshness and to fulfill customers’ criterions. * Selling * Target LocationThe franchise will be located at Dr. C. A. Aguila St. inside Mendiola. Manila. Its approximative square footage is 200 sqm. . it is a good traversed way taking jeepney’s and vehicles coming from recto heading to Pandacan. Sta. Ana. Makati and Pasay. frailty versa. It is besides surrounded by at least six ( 6 ) schools. * Marketing Targets The mark market of Chic-boy will be pupils. employees and famiies. There are no age bound as to who are their mark market. every bit long as they can still eat the repasts offered by the constitution. * Distribution Since the entity proposed is non in the fabrication industry. the distribution described in the program will be the location where the mercantile establishment will be put up therefore functioning the clients within the locality. * Competitive Environment and Positioning The primary rivals of the Chic-Boy will be the fast nutrient ironss such as Jollibee. McDonald’s and KFC that are within the same locality of the proposed franchise. The other nutrient plaes are considered as secondary rivals because since both offer nutrient. the service and type of nutrient served is different. * Marketing Tactics and Support The selling tactics and support that Chic-Boy are already offering are simple circular giving and poster of tarpaulins and postings. And the Chic-Boy wireless they have in their ain shops and mercantile establishments. * CAPITAL Plan* Beginnings of Fundss The P 6. 069. 000 entire investing will be funded by the 5 investors with the distribution as follows: Phosphorus 3. 069. 000 for the pull offing manager and P 750. 000 for the staying 4 investors. * Use of Fundss The entire investing of P 6. 069. 000 will be used in the payment of rent for the land/property. Working Capital. Furniture. Fixtures. Equipments. Construction and Renovation. A fund shall be allotted for the payment of rent. because the belongings is leased ; for the furniture. fixture and equipments. this includes the aircon units. signage. tabular arraies A ; chairs. grillers. scope goon. deep-freezes A ; hair-raisers. home bases. utensils kitchen and eating house supplies ; another allotment for the building A ; redevelopment which includes civil plants. plumbing. electrical. illuming. mechanical. fumes and fresh air ; and last but non the least. financess to be used as commissary sedimentation. franchise fee and working capital.

European politics and Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Solution Exercise Essay AM by submitting on blackboard Guideline This homework is an â€Å"individual† data mining experiment. Plagiary is definitely not allowed. If any classmate or other person helps you on doing this homework, you need to specify who and which portion you got help from. You credit will be given to the helper (it is fair, right). The helper should also mention who get your assistant on this homework. Zero point will be given if your homework is found to be the same with others without any mention. You are required to use computer language (C, C++, or Java) or computer software (matlab or Weka) to do the data mining experiment and analysis. Other software or language is allowed based on the approval of the instructor. You need to specify which software or program you are using for this homework. If you use other person’s program or any program downloaded from internet, you need to address where you get it, and who is the author. If you decide to write your own program, please submit your source code. Extra credit will be given if you write your own program on any portion of this homework. No matter which kind of method you choose for this homework, you need to be careful on adjusting the parameter, if there is. Please do an experiment on how to obtain the better parameters and write down you analysis on this homework. You need to submit your homework written by MS Word through blackboard system. The homework should not longer than 10-page limit (source code should put in the appendix). No late homework is allowed! I. Congressional Voting Records (50%) http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Congressional+Voting+Records Go to the UCI Machine Learning Repository to download the â€Å"Congressional Voting Records Data Set† or download house-votes-84.csv file from blackboard. Then, chose at least two different classification methods (decision tree, rule-based, Bayesian, ANN, SVM, Ensemble) to predict party affiliation (democrat or republican). You can use any kind of statistical software (such as mintab) or Excel to show the data exploration. Please PLOT it! How do you handle the missing values? The reasons of choosing classification methods Classification method implementation or software usage Specify how you do the experiment? Which software package you are using? Or, you write your own program? Also, you need to specify all the parameters you are using for the chosen methods, and explain how you make the adjustment. Result of 10-fold cross validation for each method Show your best result! Model comparison II. Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) (50%) http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Breast+Cancer+Wisconsin+(Diagnostic) Go to the UCI Machine Learning Repository to download â€Å"Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC)† dataset or download wdbc-data.csv file from blackboard. Please make sure you download wdbc.data not wpbc.data. Then, chose at least two different classification methods (decision tree, rule-based, Bayesian, ANN, SVM, Ensemble) to predict diagnostic result (malignant or benign). You homework should contains following sections. 1. Data exploration You can use any kind of statistical software (such as mintab) or Excel to show the data exploration. Please PLOT it! 2. The reasons of choosing classification methods 3. Apply one dimension reduction technique on the dataset 4. Classification method implementation or software usage Specify how you do the experiment? Which software package you are using? Or, you write your own program? Also, you need to specify all the parameters you are using for the chosen methods, and explain how you make the adjustment. 5. Result of 10-fold cross validation for each method Show your best result! 6. Model Comparison III. Extra credit (20%) Review some classification papers (at least one paper for each dataset) which use these two dataset for their experiment. Compare your result with them. Summarize what you found.

Henry IV, Act 5, Scene 4 :: William Shakespeare

In act 5, scene 4, the play reaches a dramatic climax. Due to the murder of Richard II, an act of regicide, it throws the country into turmoil as Henry IV is crowned king and since this event, he has struggled to keep the country unified. Throughout the play, Hal, Henry's son, has developed his character, he begun as a degenerate, spending all his time in taverns, keeping his company with criminals and peasants until the time when he realises his destiny and becomes the Prince of Wales. The relationship between the King and the Prince was awful at the beginning of the play, Henry saw him as useless and idiotic, as he spent his time with the lowest class of people, thieves and criminals and for this reason, Henry wished that Hotspur would be his son. But soon, their relationship improved as Hal acknowledged his responsibilities when Hotspur revolted against the King. This new-found love is emphasised when Henry shows his concern for Hal at the beginning of act 5, scene 4. Hal?s metam orphosis is seen by the country as a good thing because during the civil war, if Hotspur would be the victor, he would divide the country and this would upset the people, possibly leading to another revolt, the reason for this being that the people are used to the country being unified as one. However, if the King and Hal?s army are victorious in defeating Hotspur, the divine order would be restored and the country would remain in a state of unification. For the first key section of Act 5, Scene 4 opens on the battlefield with King Henry, Prince Hal, John of Lancaster and Westmoreland taking the stage. On the stage, I would choose to give a sense of tension to the scene, showing discarded weaponry lost on the ground, with some of the recently deceased clutching to their weapons to imply that as the battle rages on, the blood spilt is growing at an alarming rate and many already lie dead. Also, to show that the king is remaining at his camp, I would have tents with the king?s colours fluttering in the wind. I would have Henry taking centre stage with his weapon sheathed as at this time, he is more concerned over his now loyal son, Hal who by aiding his father in his time of need, is redeeming himself. Secondly, I would Henry IV, Act 5, Scene 4 :: William Shakespeare In act 5, scene 4, the play reaches a dramatic climax. Due to the murder of Richard II, an act of regicide, it throws the country into turmoil as Henry IV is crowned king and since this event, he has struggled to keep the country unified. Throughout the play, Hal, Henry's son, has developed his character, he begun as a degenerate, spending all his time in taverns, keeping his company with criminals and peasants until the time when he realises his destiny and becomes the Prince of Wales. The relationship between the King and the Prince was awful at the beginning of the play, Henry saw him as useless and idiotic, as he spent his time with the lowest class of people, thieves and criminals and for this reason, Henry wished that Hotspur would be his son. But soon, their relationship improved as Hal acknowledged his responsibilities when Hotspur revolted against the King. This new-found love is emphasised when Henry shows his concern for Hal at the beginning of act 5, scene 4. Hal?s metam orphosis is seen by the country as a good thing because during the civil war, if Hotspur would be the victor, he would divide the country and this would upset the people, possibly leading to another revolt, the reason for this being that the people are used to the country being unified as one. However, if the King and Hal?s army are victorious in defeating Hotspur, the divine order would be restored and the country would remain in a state of unification. For the first key section of Act 5, Scene 4 opens on the battlefield with King Henry, Prince Hal, John of Lancaster and Westmoreland taking the stage. On the stage, I would choose to give a sense of tension to the scene, showing discarded weaponry lost on the ground, with some of the recently deceased clutching to their weapons to imply that as the battle rages on, the blood spilt is growing at an alarming rate and many already lie dead. Also, to show that the king is remaining at his camp, I would have tents with the king?s colours fluttering in the wind. I would have Henry taking centre stage with his weapon sheathed as at this time, he is more concerned over his now loyal son, Hal who by aiding his father in his time of need, is redeeming himself. Secondly, I would

Marriage and Family Structure Essay

â€Å"Marriage is not a ritual or an end. It is a long, intricate, intimate dance together and nothing matters more than your own sense of balance and your choice of partner. † These were words of Army Bloom while commenting on the topic of marriage (Sardone 2010). Human race is a product of a family in one way or another. However, not all can be said to exist in the planet as result of marriage. They are those that were born out of wedlock and either live with one parent or have never known any of their parents. Nevertheless, marriages still take place and families continue to exist. With the development of society, both the marriage and family structure have undergone transformation and many have veered off from the traditional definitions of the same. This paper is aimed at showing that marriage and family are important parts of any culture despite there being different types of marriage and family structure. According to Goepfrich (2007, p 3) in his book â€Å"Marriage, Divorce and Remarriage, marriage can be defined as â€Å"the social institution under which man and woman establish their decision to live as husband and wife by legal commitments or religious ceremonies among others. † Goepfrich acknowledges that for people to be recognized as married, they must have witnesses and the ceremony conducted by either a civil servant or a religious minister. However such a statement by the author ignores the fact that there are so many people who claim to be happily married yet they have never been legally married. In some cultures especially in the places such as Africa, a marriage can be validated by traditional elders without the necessity of the couple being awarded a marriage certificate. However, one thing agreeable to all is that a marriage will lead into a family; since any couples get married to form a family. Types of Marriages Authors have classified marriage into different categories depending on the context. The Sociology Guide (2010) divides marriages in several types; polygyny (polygamy), polyandry, group marriage, monogamy; under monogamy there is serial monogamy and straight monogamy. Polygyny (Polygamy) In this type of marriage, a single man has more than one wife at a particular period (Sociology Guide 2010). There are different cultures that do not view this type of marriage as valid and therefore it is not encouraged. Civil laws in many countries do not recognize polygamous families and this leads the man to either live with the other wives secretly or without valid wedding certificate. Christianity as a religion teaches that a marriage should be â€Å"one-man one-wife† and thus one is required to declare that he has never married before and if he had done so, the wife had died. Some Christian denominations do not even join divorcees in the holy matrimony. However in Islamic cultures as well as in societies in South Africa, polygamous marriages are recognized. A good example is that of the incumbent president of South Africa, Jacob Zuma who has more than four wives. Sororal polygyny or sororate is a situation where one man has married blood sisters, while in non sororal polygyny, the wives are not blood sisters (Sociological Guide, 2010). Polyandry Though not as common as polygamous marriage, this type of marriage entails one woman having more than one husband. This is not recognized in many cultures and therefore those who involve themselves in such do not do it in open. However, some cultures allow blood brothers to share wives especially if the husband is impotent or he only sires children of one sex. This type of marriage is referred to as fraternal or alelphic polyandry and is very common among the Todas. In non fraternal polyandry, the husbands are not related in any way and the other men cannot claim the woman as their wife at that particular time when he is living with one of them (Sociological Guide, 2010). Monogamous Family This type is regarded as the ideal type of marriage in addition to being the most common and acceptable by nearly all cultures and religions, even those that accept the other types of marriage. It is a one-man one-husband marriage. Under this type of marriage, there is the serial marriage where a husband remarries after the demise of his wife. In such a situation, this is not regarded as polygamy. Of recent, it has become common for the spouse to get another wife/husband after divorce. However, some people chose to remain single after the departure of their spouses. In what is referred to as a straight marriage, the spouse may not be allowed to remarry under any circumstances (Sociology Guide, 2010). Forced Marriages In this type of marriage, the woman is abducted and the husband rapes her. In those cultures where forced marriages are practiced, there is a belief that once a man has intercourse with a woman, he automatically becomes her husband. This practice however is not very common in many societies of the world and is therefore detested in those cultures that do not practice it. In some African cultures, girls are married off to elderly men while they are still toddlers in exchange of livestock. The child continues to stay with her family until she reaches puberty and this is when she is taken to the husband by the parents, whether willingly or unwillingly (Sfetsu, 2009). Same sex Marriage The issue of same sex marriage has generated more heat than light in the contemporary society, with some supporting it while others demonizing it. However, same sex marriage has been legalized in different states of the world. Sexologists have used the term homosexuality to refer to people who have â€Å"a same sex gender sexual orientation† However, in the community, the term ‘gay’ has been used to refer to male homosexuals with the term ‘lesbian’ referring to female homosexuals; sometimes ‘gay’ refers to both women and men. There are some who are attracted to people of both genders and are referred to as heterosexuals (Cantor, 2006, p. xiii). Those who oppose the same sex marriage argue that they are unnatural and that they provide the nonconductive environment for the raising of children. They also argue that it threatens marriage as an institution in addition to going against religious principles among other reasons. However, proponents of homosexuality state that homosexuals are human beings and thus have their own rights (Bidstrup, 2000). Marriage in the Western Culture In this century, marriage in European and American culture is often legally defined as monogamous. This does not mean that there are no few societies that do still practice polygamy while others are in what is referred to as open marriages. In latter form of marriage, the spouse has the freedom to leave when he or she feels like. In the Western world, divorce has been made less complicated and thus has increased in rate. Marriage is seen as a legal covenant which recognizes the emotional union of the couples and can be terminated any time the partners feel like. In this world, it is the woman who is granted the custody of child and not the husband in case of a divorce or separation. In addition, all the partners have the duty of supporting their children (Sfetcu, 2009). When a child has been born out of wedlock, he or she is entitled to enjoy the same rights just like those that are legitimate. In the Western cultures, partners are protected by law from rape by their spouses and those who do so may find themselves in the court of law. Moreover, the law defends wives or even husbands from being physically abused or disciplined. In this culture, wealth that has been acquired since the couple married is often divided among the couple in case of divorce. What one gets however is determined by a court of law or community property law (Sfetcu, 2009). Marriage in the Eastern World In these cultures, marriage is regarded as being quite different from the way it is regarded in the Western world. For example in the former, polygamy is permitted; in fact men with many wives are generally considered as being wealthier than those with one wife. A large part of the population in the Eastern world is Islamic and though the religion advocates for the marriage of a man and woman, the Quran allows a man to have a maximum of four wives (Sfetcu, 2009). However in such societies, all the wives must be treated as being equal by the man. In states where the larger part of the population is Muslim, marriage is only permitted when both partners are Muslim; otherwise non Muslims must first denounce their religions and embrace Islam. In some societies in China, a man in the upper class would first be formally married and then later allowed to get concubines. However, the current communist regime does not permit polygamy but only monogamy (Sfetcu, 2009). Family Structure As years have come and gone, the society, including the family, has undergone great transformation. The term â€Å"family† has traditionally been used to describe the father mother and children as a unit. However, this structure has changed over time. The common types of family structure include childless, nuclear, extended as well single (Shelton, 2010). Nuclear Family Shelton (2010) defines a nuclear family as that family that â€Å"consists of a mother, father, and their biological or adoptive descendants, often called the traditional family† Many anthropologists usually regard this type of family structure highly than any other type of family and conducive one for the rearing of children. However, there must be emotional support, environment of love, economic support as well as enough time spent together. Single Parenthood Of the types of the family structures listed, this can be regarded as one the newest. This is because in the olden days, the society could not have imagined that a person could have lived without either a wife or a husband. In case of death or separation, remarriage would either take, place or the woman would be inherited by the brothers. However, with the economic independence of women, many usually decide to stay single after the separation, divorce or death. Some women are not interested in marriage and therefore choose to have children or one and raise them on their own. Research that has been done has shown that 25% of the children are born by women who are unmarried and mostly teenage mothers. Proponents of this type of family structure have stated that it has less pressure especially if it is formed after a divorce. However, some psychologists have claimed that this kind of marriage is disadvantageous especially to children as sometimes it is associated with juvenile delinquency (Shelton, 2010). Childless Family It is often the desire of many, if not all, couples to have a child or more after marriage; however, this is not always the case. A couple may also not be able to bear a child because of either social or biological problems. However, others may later get a child of their own in future or just decide to adopt one. Though many of such couples may opt to stick together, in some cultures however, lack of children after marriage is viewed negatively and the man if forced to remarry. The brothers of the husband may also be required to sire children for their brothers if it is realized that he is impotent. Others may however decide to rear a pet or two who acts as substitutes (Shelton, 2010). Extended Family An extended family can be described as a group of family members that is made up of adoptive or biological parents together with their children as well as other members of that family. In many global societies, an extended family has been described as â€Å"the basic family group. † In some cultures such as those with Asian origin, an entire extended family may live under the same roof. These may include; uncles, aunts, grandparents and even foster children. Sometimes children of parents who have died or separated may be raise by their grandparents (Mosby’s Medical Dictionary, 2009). Conclusion Despite the many types of marriage and family structure, one thing that is clear is that, marriage and family are important part of the human race. This is why all cultures in the world have both. Marriage is often viewed as a gateway into a family, though there are those that form families without marrying formally. It is however important for people to formalize their marriages as it will be easier to deal with some setbacks in the families such as divorces or death. .