1. Discuss the significance of Valley Forge Essay

1. Discuss the significance of Valley Forge - Essay Example Conditions in the Valley Forge were poor and inhumane. Many men suffered hunger, cold, and diseases, and eventually many of them died2. Amid the underlying challenges in the valley, the troops, under the command of General Washington, stayed committed to their goal. It is this persistence and resilience that would eventually make the American Revolution a dream-come-true. The course of liberty remained true and alive in their hearts. The continental army’s immense suffering in the Valley Forge kept them expectant that things would get better. Against all odds, Valley Forge provided the troops with an opportunity to train, reorganize, and get ready to face the British. The army had eventually secured help and support that allowed it to embark to the revolutionary pursuit. In this respect, Valley Forge was a defining factor of the course that American Revolution would take after June, 1778. Essentially, Valley Forge had taught the troops that what awaited them was not a walk in the park. In conclusion, the success of the American Revolution was partially attributed to Valley Forge. Even though troops had suffered and died in the valley, the dream of a liberal America remained alive. North American break off the British Empire received a vital boost from the mature army that emerged from Valley Forge. Suffering, sacrifice, freedom, and liberty characterized the Valley Forge troop activity in the light of the American

Media coverage Essay Example for Free

Media coverage Essay Other main causal reasons that shows the connection between media and the suicide rate was the news reporting about the incident. Studies suggest that imitational suicide occur when people are contacted with suicide event and this can be through the media coverage (Baume et al. , 1997). The evidence suggest that media reporting on suicides influences people to engage in the same manner while to some people, suicide can be an alternative way of solving problems (Baume et al. , 1997). This phenomenon can be explained with social learning theory as described previously. News about other people’s suicide cases might affect other people’s feelings especially to those people whom considered suicide and these people might actually commit suicide. Although there were differences in effects through gender or ages, various studies proves that there was certain relationship in news reports of suicide and actual suicides and this relationship leads to increase the actual suicide (Pirkis Blood, 2001). This was one of the examples of Werther effect conducted by media which tends people to commit suicide. When people watch news reporting about other people’s suicides, the idea of suicide may unconsciously affect the mind and their problems may trigger those ideas and these people may actually suicide. Moreover, the reporting of suicide to the public increases the suicide rate especially in celebrities’ cases, in which people becomes copycat. In his study in 2000, Stack found that celebrities’ suicide cases can cause 14. 3 times more copycat suicides than normal suicide cases, but in his study in 2005, he changed the percentage to 5. 27 times (Stack, 2000 2005). Although there were changes in percentage, these evidence shows that people are more likely to copy the suicide behavior of celebrities’ death. For example, after the suicide of Kurt Cobain, the famous rock star, there was increase in suicide crisis calls in the Seattle crisis clinic (David et al. , 1996). Also, there were other incidents that were similar to G case, which are another cases of a celebrities’ suicidal incident, but in these cases, an organization called EXIT(Society for Humane Dying), assists these people with their suicide. After publication of the celebrity (G)’s death and the suggestions that EXIT might be involved with this incident, more people got help from EXIT to commit suicide (Frei et al. , 2003). News report on Celebrities’ suicide was even more dangerous than reporting normal people’s suicide. Celebrity suicide can be a risk factor in a way of suicidal ideation and this can be effective to people in both right after the celebrities’ suicide and also in long term (Fu Yip, 2007). People, who have suicidal ideation, meaning thinking about suicide or actually planning to commit suicide, may be affected by the way celebrities commit suicide and may follow the same steps. In the celebrities’ suicide cases, people are emotionally more attached because they tend to know more the true identity of that particular celebrity due to the information’s released through magazines and news compared to the information’s given while the celebrity was still alive. Therefore, with emotional despair to celebrities’ suicide and effect of it to suicidal ideation, people would want to commit suicide in same ways as those celebrities did. Apart from the news reporting about the suicides, there are cyber suicides in which people get information’s from, like the website, and actually committed suicide. Internet, one of the most recent and developed sources of media, were used to increase the suicides, especially to teenager cases. The term â€Å"cyber suicides† shows new aspects of suicides in the young generations. As the internet develops, there are various websites created on the cyber world. There exist more than 100,000 websites on the internet which are about methods of committing suicide (Alao et al. , 2006). People search for information on the web and the suicide websites can easily pop up by simply typing in the word â€Å"suicide† to the search engine. Suicide covers enormous range of internet resources and a simple search of the word suicide reveals thousands of matches (Baume et al. , 1997). These suicide websites contain detailed information such as notes, various ways to commit suicide, and time and pain description to those suicides (Alao et al. , 2006). One of the major death reasons among the teenagers was suicide, and teenager spends more time on the web and the internet gives them the information about suicide (Becker Schmidt, 2004). Young people, including teenagers, are more likely to commit suicide, influenced by internet, and probable explanation to this may be due to their vulnerable personalities and risk-taking behaviors (Alao et al. , 2006). Especially, the sensitive nature of naive teenagers becomes unprotected from all cruel information from internet suicide resources and they tend to follow the acquired information. Many actual cases were reported about how people commit suicide with tips from suicide websites (Alao et al. , 1999). These cases were yet to be determined whether or not those victims were affected by these websites since the victims were fortunately failed to commit suicide, but still there are unknown actual victims of this website who ended their lives. On the internet, there are other means acquired than suicide websites. People also use chat rooms and newsgroup mailing system to discuss about suicides (Baume et al. , 1997). Discussing about suicide issues involving how to suicide is not a forbidden topic on chat rooms and people are actively talking about these topics. Also, the newsgroup mailing system gives recent updates to the suicide issues. Some people write postings on suicide site about when they are going to commit suicide before they actually do it and there was no prevention to this (Baume et al. , 1997). The internet can affect suicidal behaviors more directly than newspapers or news reporting (Baume et al. , 1997). All of these are happening because internet is a special space, in which interaction between people were different from the real world. With this specialty, people care less about how other people are claiming that they are going to kill themselves. It is also difficult for suicidologists to solve these cyber suicide problems because of the characteristics the internet have (anonymity and world-wideness) and it is complicated to reach out the potential victims for therapeutic interaction (Baume et al. , 1997). There might be some helpful suicide website, which persuade people who enter the site not to commit the crime and provide them help resources and ideas of the possible effects if they actually commit suicides. However, there are still many website that even encourages a group of suicidal people who wanted to commit suicide but had not made up their minds yet which then attracted to these ideas and actually commit the suicides. Furthermore, there are publications about how to commit suicide and this book can bring the ideas or suggestions about suicide. These books are actually used by the people who commit the suicide and this can be proved by the fact that books about suicides are often placed near the dead people who committed suicides (Lester Schaller, 2000). Some people might buy the suicide books just for fun, but having this type of book in the house may suggest the idea of suicide unconsciously. People may did not have the idea of committing suicide at first, but after reading this book or just have it in the house can pull the trigger whenever they feel a little bit depressed or encounters problems. Some countries ban this type of book, but other countries still allow the publication of this book based on the reasoning that if this book was banned, people might seek for it more (Lester Schaller, 2000). However, unlike the purpose of allowing this book, the actually suicide cases show that there is some effect from this book. There were evidences found that shows direct relationship of the suicide book and the actual suicide rate. When the suicide book, Final Exit (a guide for committing suicide by asphyxjectiation), was published, suicide by the recommended method increased 313% in New York City (Stack, 2005). Moreover, in 27. 3% of the suicide cases, a copy of this book was found near the scene of the suicide (Stack, 2005). This demonstrates how a copy of a book can affect people’s mental behaviors. As reviewing the mentioned cases, it can be concluded that the media, the internet, and books contributes percentage to the people’s suicidal rate. To prevent this from happening, there should be regulations that will restrict the media and treat the suicide issues in a manner where their reporting will not provide ideas nor will it triggers the â€Å"let’s do that† attitude to the people. There are different media guidelines for reporting suicides to prevent irresponsible reporting of suicide (Pirkis et al. , 2006). According to these guidelines, media should not report the suicide as sensational event (Pirkis et al. , 2006). Although these guidelines have similarities, they have developed differently and there need to be evaluations to the guidelines (Pirkis et al. , 2006). For example, in Cobain case, due to high professionalism and responsibility in media, there were only a few copycat suicides (Jobes et al. , 1996). There should be expansion to these guidelines and these guidelines should be spread to all news media and news directors should seriously consider about this before publishing the news. Cobain’s suicide might be a tragic event, but through this, the media might learn the importance of the media coverage on the suicides (Jobes et al. , 1996). The suicide prevention organizations can work on to change the news reporting on suicide and thus, make the media contribute to reduce the suicide (Stack, 2003). Also, the suicide website and suicide books should be banned to prevent the idea or suggestion of committing suicides. The suicides can be prevented easily if the people around that particular person pay more attention. Especially to those people who published suicide information in the internet, these people truly needs to think about their responsibilities to other people’s lives and the effect they might contribute by simply postings their works. Also, there are many organizations that help preventing people to commit suicides and the people with the suicidal attitudes must contact these organizations. Suicide considers being an extreme way to end one’s life, one should always keep in mind that there are millions of reasons why people must keep on living despite the many obstacles they faces. Problems come and go; no people in the world who don’t have a problem. Problems are the cycle of life, the meaning of life, the reasons behind the success and the happiness, the reasons why people learn and evolved. Problems should not be the reason for ending life.

Iagos Manipulative Nature in Shakespeares Othello Essay examples --

Iago's Manipulative Nature in Othello    Iago's manipulative nature has a profound effect on the decisions made by other characters in Shakespeare's ‘Othello’. Through his relations with those around him Shakespear characterizes him as a man full of malice, vengeance and dishonesty that is wholly inspired by jealousy. Furthermore it would appear that Iago has an exceptional ability to scheme, a talent which he uses to snake his way into the lives of others and exploit them through their weaknesses. Whether he does this for profit or for pleasure is a separate issue. Throughout the course of the play, Iago crosses the path of each major character we encounter. Though his effect varies according to characters, he is a presence in the life of each. Rodrigo, Othello and Desdemona who each allow Iago to demonstrate his capacity for manipulation. Using Rodrigo as a tool, Iago discovers that Othello’s passion for Desdemona to also be his weakness and eventual downfall. Latching on to this notion Iago’s uses it to his advantage. Rodrigo is a mere pawn in Iago's master plan with him being used as a back up, almost like an unknowing sidekick, winning him over by providing him with false confidence regarding Desdemona. "She must change for youth. Whe... ...: Penguin, 1991. Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeare’s Tragic Heroes. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1970. Kermode, Frank. â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice.† The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Mack, Maynard. Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Shakespeare, William. Othello. Ed. Alfred Harbab. Middlesex, England: Penguin, 1970. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

Defeat in The Old Man and the Sea Essay

â€Å"As human beings, our greatest glory consists not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.† To achieve a goal in life, man must persevere through all pain and suffering and continue to search for the light at the end of the dark tunnel. The journey of The Old Man and the Sea describes struggle and the will to discipline oneself to achieve an aspiration. An old fisherman, Santiago, is faced with exactly that; he has a dream of ending an eighty-four day streak without catching a fish and has to use all of his will power to overcome the sea’s obstacles. Because Santiago successfully catches the great marlin by fighting through physical fatigue, Hemmingway, in The Old Man and the Sea, proves â€Å"a man can be destroyed but not defeated.† In the prolonged struggle between the fish and the old man his conscience questioned his justifications for battling such a great creature. Always in the back of his mind was the young boy who he valued for friendship and companionship. These ideals helped Santiago remember his discipline for fishing and his integrity for his own manhood. The pain and suffering the old man must endure to overcome the sea’s adversity help to justify Santiago’s rebirth of manhood. His legendary journey provides mental and physical altercations Santiago must survive in order to prove to himself that he is still a man capable of catching fish. Society labels Santiago as an unlucky fisherman for not catching any fish for 85 days, and yet ignore his skills as a wise, witty fisherman. â€Å"It is better to be lucky. But I would rather be exact. Then when luck comes you are ready.†(32) Santiago coordinates good luck with offerings from the sea. He also said, in order to catch the big fish I must go out far enough where the great one will be distracting death for his own adversity with the open sea. He almost distains fate into his situation with the fish by taking all the pain and suffering his body endures to complete his desires. â€Å"He did not truly feel good because the pain from the cord across his back had almost passed pain and into dullness that he mistrusted.†(74) Once both the fish and Santiago had reached the breaking point of conflict the story seemed to slow down in time to exemplify the adverse conditions that both characters were suffering from. For eighty-four days, the old man, Santiago, has not caught any fish. Because of this, the old man’s fishing partner and pupil, Manolin, whom the old man loved like his own son and taught since he was five, has not been permitted to fish with him but has been forced by his parents to fish in a more productive boat. On the eighty-fifth day Santiago sets out to the deep recesses of the sea, certain that this would be the day when he would catch his big fish. He eventually does catch a marlin, but the struggle has only begun. For two days Santiago holds the line that is attached to the fish, and he suffers though tremendous obstacles to kill the great marlin. After harpooning the fish, he straps the marlin against the skiff and heads for home, doubting if the victory was real. The obstacles, however, were not yet over. The blood drawn from the fish brought the scent into the water, and it was not long until a mako shark began to take its bite out of the marlin. In protection of his fish, Santiago hit the shark with the harpoon. With the mako dead, shovel-nosed sharks came to the fish to get their chance to devour it. Bravely, Santiago fights with all the weapons he has, thus causing him great physical pain, and an injury to his chest. Despite his courageous fight, it is to no avail for when he arrives at his town only the carcass is left The old man proves himself worthy of personal suffering with the cuts and scars on his hands and back along with all of the pulling and slipping the cords had upon his fragile body. Hemmingway shows in a big way how an out of proportioned conflict with an old fisherman and an 18 foot long marlin helps to magnify the significance of Santiago searching for his rebirth to manhood. With constant abstraction describing the fish and the sea in relation to brotherhood create interesting questions for Santiago to ponder. His rationalization for his fishing is that he was born to do it. â€Å"A man can be destroyed but not defeated.† (103) Hemmingway proves that this fish represents all of Santiago’s built up tension to total the size of a gigantic marlin that is perceived as devastating but not unconquerable. The cause of a man’s destruction is in his own hands. The free will given to man enables him choose his own path to follow. The twist and turns of the life can change man’s perception of himself, leading him only to self-destruct through his own actions. By losing, the man is not defeated; he has fallen to the ground. Is this his end, his defeat? No. Because, man is given a light that lifts up spirits in a time of need picking them up off the cold, hard earth to try once more. No matter, the depths of destruction in which a man may find himself, the light never goes out. Despite being broken down to what feels to be his destruction, the light allows him to rebuild, never being entirely defeated.

Food and Street Foods Essay

Introduction Bulacan was officially called â€Å"Bulacan Province†, is a first class province of the Republic of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon Region (Region 3) in the island of Luzon, North of Manila (the nation’s capital), and part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region. Bulacan pries itself for its rich historical heritage. Bulacan has fast become an ideal tourist destination, owing to its vital role in Philippine history, and its rich heritage in culture and the arts. The province is popularly known for its historical sites; nostalgic old houses and churches; idyllic ecological attractions; religious attractions; colorful and enchanting festivals; swimming and various themed attractions; and a wide selection of elegant native crafts and sumptuous delicacies. It is also home to numerous resorts, hotels, restaurants, and other recreational facilities. (Wikipedia). The briskness of Street foods in Bulacan can be measured by the long queue of consumers’ everyday in the food outlets in strategic places where street foods like: â€Å"lugaw† or Rice Porridge, goto, mami, fish balls, barbecued banana, salted peanuts and chicken pops. (Toledo, 1988) Street Foods is a â€Å"Survival Meals†, maybe because it satisfies the gustatory sense for a temporary period of time. (Soledad Leynes, 1986) In such case, eating away from home due to the changes in occupation and activities created a demand for cooked meals and snacks at a cheaper and affordable price that are served quickly. Dual career, parents and small families who really have no time to prepare their meals at home resort to street foods for convenience. These people seem not to care for the food source whether it comes from the legitimate food merchants or from the informal sector, otherwise called black market. (Soledad Leynes, 1986) Street foods, whether snacks or meals are affordable and always available, which are very popular among the low income households to a large extent and increasingly a daily fare among the middle income groups. Households with working mothers are afforded ready to eat meals without the burden of cooking at home. Street food caters to the needs of the urban poor population by making food readily available and at low cost. Thus, street food vending is a traditional activity which can be considered a coping mechanism of the urban poor. Street foods are ready-to-eat foods and beverages prepared and/or sold by vendors or hawkers especially in the streets and other similar places. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) They represent a significant part of urban food consumption for millions of low-and-middle-income consumers, in urban areas on a daily basis. Street foods may be the least expensive and most accessible means of obtaining a nutritionally balanced meal outside the home for many low income people, provided that the consumer is informed and able to choose the proper combination of foods. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Statement of the Problem. This study was conducted to assess the Quality of Food Products of Street foods sold by the ambulant vendors along the busy streets and sidewalks of Bulacan. 1. What is the status of the ambulant vendors of Bulacan in terms of: 2. 1. Gender 2. 2. Age 2. 3. Civil Status 2. 4. Income 2. 5. Family size 2. 6. Educational attainment 2. What is the nutritional quality of food products sold by the ambulant vendors in Bulacan in terms of: 3. 7. Food Supply 3. 8. Food Preparation 3. 9. Food Handling 3. What orientation program could be proposed to the ambulant vendors to improve the nutritional quality and safety of the food?

Haley Daividson (Strategy) Essays - Harley-Davidson, Arthur Davidson

Haley Daividson (Strategy) Essays - Harley-Davidson, Arthur Davidson Haley Daividson (Strategy) 1. William Harley and Arthur Davidson wanted to take the work out of riding bicycles in 1901. After being joined by the Arthur brothers, Walter and William, they came up with the idea of putting a motor and a bicycle together. Many engine changes were made before the builders were satisfied. In 1903, they created the first Harley-Davidson motorcycle and produced three that year. Harley built its first building in 1907 on Juneau Avenue in Milwaukee. That same year, 150 motorcycles were produced. As they were used for recreational purposes, they were also used in military situations. They proved useful in border skirmishes and the government called for 20,000 bikes to be shipped overseas. Following the war, other companies tried to enter the market, but Harley remained the largest. The depression had an unfavorable effect on Harley as it did with most corporations, but it outlasted the crisis and celebrated its fiftieth year in 1953 as the sole survivor in the motorcycle industry. Harl ey did turn public in 1965, but was bought by thirteen senior Harley-Davidson executives in 1981. It was returned to public ownership in 1986 by offering two million shares of common stock. It was approved by the New York Stock exchange in 1987 and has been there ever since. 2. A company with the history of Harley-Davidson has few weaknesses and threats, but a SWOT analysis can help them turn them into favorable opportunities and strengths. Strengths- Customer loyalty is probably the number one strength of Harley's business. Once a person buys a Harley, it seems as though they become trapped in the entire Harley business. Once they buy a Harley, they usually never buy another brand of motorcycle. Along with the bike comes the apparel. Once a person purchases a bike, the jacket, bandanas, etc. become a must. Opportunity- For Harley is that the economy is at a place where people will go out and purchase a motorcycle for recreational purposes. Whether the economy is good or not, is a place where they may thrive. When the economy is not doing as well, people may look at a motorcycle as a more economical way to travel so Harley can do well in both situations. Weaknesses- Large numbers of products being produced can make for many errors. When there is such a demand to produce many of one type of product, there can be many mistakes that may be let go. The biker image can also be a weakness. Many people may stray away from purc hasing a motorcycle for fear that they will be placed in a certain category by society. Threats- The business of building a motorcycle can be profitable because it is not an expensive product to make, but can be sold at the same price as a car. This may draw many competitors into the business, perhaps other car producing companies who already may have a following of their own. 3. Financial Analysis 98 97 Asset Turnover 2,063,956 1,762,569 1,920,000 1,598,901 $1.07 $1.10 Current Ratio 844,963 704,021 468,515 361,688 1.8 times 1.94 times Total Debt to 890,298 772,233 Total Assets 1,920,209 1,598,901 46% 48% Asset Turnover is favorable because it states that for every dollar that Harley puts into their company they are making back that money and more. Current Ratio states that Harley is able to pay off their short run debt without any problems. This is favorable. Total debt to total asset is favorable because most companies receive much of their assets through loans and they are in debt more than they need to be, but Harley keeps that figure under 50%. 4. My first recommendation is to the problem they are having with the biker image combined with the strength of their history as a top company. To get society to veer away from this image, perhaps the company should participate in charity work, community service, etc. They should use not only employees, but also perhaps some of their top customers. The loyalty most of their customers have may benefit them where they may take time to help the image of Harley. If small prizes like merchandise, helmets, and discounts were offered to customers for helping the company, they may be able to draw those same bikers into helping in the community to help

lfes far flung raw materials essays

lfes far flung raw materials essays Sometime during our lives, we've questioned ourselves at one point just how long has the earth existed and how did life begin? Our Biology book written by: Solomon, Berg, and Martin, shows theories that has taught us that earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old, and the earliest pieces of life form found was dated back to approximately 3.8 billion years old. This only leaves a time space of 800 million years between the formation of earth and the creation of life. Since then, new theories have shown that life may have originated earlier then they thought. From Bernstein, Sanford, and Allamandolas' article, "Life's Far-Flung Raw Materials" comes the theory that only about 100 million years after the earliest possible point for earth to support life, evidence shows that organisms were already flourishing. But with the amount of time between this, it almost seems impossible, but not if something were to help the process like space compounds. Christopher Chyba has the leading idea that these space particles did in fact bring in the planet's water and atmospheric gases. These space organisms are thought to be responsible for making our earth habitable by bringing in water and gas molecules which would provide our atmosphere and oceans. Also, that the space debris was needed to build life and could have even started the first cellular processes. These space molecules could have absorbed UV-rays from the sun, helping out the weaker molecules, and converting the light energy made into chemical food, which is essential for photosynthesis. Miller showed that the planets first single celled organisms came from a process of chemical steps which is possible for the building blocks of life. It is stated that everyday, tons of space dust falls to the earth's surface, some found containing 50% organic carbon, bringing in about 30 tons of organic material. So not only do some scientists argue about space particles bringi...

Inspirational Quotes for Student Speeches

Inspirational Quotes for Student Speeches Most high school students will get to experience giving speeches in front of their fellow students. Typically, a speech component is included in at least one of the English classes that students are required to take. Many students will also make speeches outside of class. They might be running for a leadership position in student council or in an individual club. They might need to give a speech as part of an extracurricular activity or to try and win a scholarship. The lucky few will stand in front of their own graduating class and deliver a speech meant to inspire and motivate their friends and classmates for the future. The purpose of this page is to provide key quotes that can inspire you and those around you to achieve to the highest degree. Hopefully, these quotes can form an excellent basis for graduation and other speeches. If we did the things we are capable of, we would astound ourselves. ~Thomas Edison Many of lifes failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. ~Thomas EdisonEdison and his workshop patented 1,093 inventions including the phonograph, the incandescent light bulb, kinetoscope, nickel-iron batteries, along with key parts of the movie camera.More Quotes from Thomas Edison Hitch your wagon to a star. ~Ralph Waldo EmersonEmerson led the transcendentalist movement during the middle of the 1800s. His published works include essays, lectures, and poems.More Quotes from Ralph Waldo Emerson If you knew how much work went into it, you wouldnt call it genius. ~MichelangeloMichelangelo was an artist who lived from 1475 to 1564. His most famous works include the sculptures of David and the Pieta along with the painting of the Sistine Chapels ceiling. The ceiling itself took four years.More Quotes from Michelangelo I know God will not give me anything I cant handle. I just wish that He didnt trust me so much. ~Mother TeresaMother Teresa was a Roman Catholic nun who spent most of her life serving the poorest of the poor in India. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.More Quotes from Mother Teresa All our dreams can come true - if we have the courage to pursue them. ~Walt DisneyDisney was an among other things an animator, filmmaker, and entrepreneur. He earned over 22 Academy Awards for his works. He also founded both Disneyland in California and Walt Disney World in Florida.More Quotes from Walt Disney Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind dont matter and those who matter dont mind. ~Dr. SeussDr. Seuss was the pen name of Theodor Seuss Geisel whose childrens books have affected so many people over the years. His works include The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, Green Eggs and Ham, and The Cat in the Hat.More Quotes from Dr. Seuss Success is never final. Failure is never fatal. It is courage that counts. ~Winston ChurchillChurchill served as the British Prime Minister between 1941-1945 and 1951-1955. His leadership during World War II cannot be overemphasized.More Quotes from Winston Churchill If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them. ~Henry David ThoreauThoreau joined Emerson as a leading transcendentalist. His most famous works include Walden and Civil Disobedience.More Quotes from Henry David Thoreau The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. ~Eleanor RooseveltRoosevelt was First Lady of the United States between the years 1933 and 1945. She had a huge impact on domestic and international policy.More Quotes from Eleanor Roosevelt Whatever you can do, or dream you can, begin it. Boldness has genius, power, and magic in it. ~Johann Wolfgang von GoetheGoethe was a German writer who lived between 1749-1832. He is best known for his work entitled Faust.More Quotes from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us. ~Oliver Wendell HolmesThis quote has been attributed to Holmes who was an American jurist. However, there is some question about its origin and some believe it was first said by Henry Stanley Haskins.More Quotes from Oliver Wendell Holmes Courage is doing what youre afraid to do. There can be no courage unless youre scared. ~Eddie RickenbackerRickenbacker was a Medal of Honor winner and World War I flying ace. He had 26 victories during the war.More Quotes from Eddie Rickenbacker There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle. ~Albert EinsteinEinstein was a theoretical physicist who came up with the Theory of Relativity.More Quotes from Albert Einstein Quit now, youll never make it. If you disregard this advice, youll be halfway there. ~David ZuckerZucker is an American film producer and director whose movies include Airplane!, Ruthless People, and The Naked Gun.

Financial Mangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Mangement - Essay Example electronic stock market. "With approximately 3,300 companies, the NASDAQ lists more companies and, on average, trades more shares per day than any other U.S. market" (NASDAQ, 2006, n/p). Therefore, the AMEX is a tangible physical entity, it occupies its own building and has physically designated space for trading - trading floor; has specifically designated members and an elected governing body. On the contrary, the NASDAQ, which means National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System, is a nebulous, intangible organization built up around the computerized system. The American Stock Exchange, according to its own definition, is "an auction market where prices for a diverse array of products - stocks, options, exchange traded funds (ETFs) and structured products - are determined by public bids to buy and offers to sell". The major characteristics of the trading process at the AMEX include: centralization of the order flow on the trading floor, priority given to the public orders, and execution of the orders by price and time sequence regardless of size or source. (AMEX, 2006, n/p). Like the AMEX, the NASDAQ operates as an auction market, but it has its own peculiarities: no physical trading floor is available and the orders flow goes solely through the automated quotation system. Additionally, unlike the AMEX specialists the NASDAQ dealers often maintain an inventory of the stocks that are traded less frequently. The AMEX system includes specialists, registered traders and floor dealers: "Trading in every Amex security is overseen by a specialist stationed on the trading floor . . . Specialists serve as facilitators, employing their extensive knowledge of the market in a security to bring together buyers and sellers, and helping them trade directly with each other. This skill is particularly important when large blocks of securities are brought to the floor" (AMEX, 2006, n/p). On the contrary, at the NASDAQ over-the-counter market trading in a particular security is not concentrated in the hands of the one particular specialist, and there is no monopoly, as the result. Any of the dealers interested in trading in this security can handle the orders on it. Trading at the AMEX can be performed in two ways: the orders can be processed either automatically, or manually. The automatic processing uses various systems as follows: "Member firms may route orders directly to the Exchange's trading floor through the Common Message Switch (CMS). After performing specific validation checks, CMS routes the orders to the Amex Order File (AOF), which retains order details and directs orders to the New Equity Trading System (NETS), Amex Options Display Book (AODB), Automatic Execution (Auto-Ex), or the firm's floor broker through the Booth Automated Routing System (BARS)" (AMEX, 2006, n/p). The orders may also be submitted manually by phone call to the broker or with help of a member firm's proprietary application: "In both cases, immediately upon receipt, the floor broker will "systematize" the order by entering it into the Amex Order File using the order entry feature of the Booth Automated Routing System (BARS) terminal. Once "systematized" these orders may be printed and

Analysis of Child Labor in Photographs Research Paper

Analysis of Child Labor in Photographs - Research Paper Example The first photo is that of a young boy working as a garbage picker. This was taken Mexico in the year 1996. The second photo is of two young girls pictured outside a brick factory, taken on 9thof February 2002. Pictures do not have the power to tell people how to think but they direct them on what to think about. This means that they have the power to make something the center of focus. Another important aspect of pictures is that they are able to achieve a high conviction of power. This is because they are able to appeal to the innermost part of a human being and cause them to demand that justice is granted to the oppressed. In order to achieve greater convincing power and emotional impact, Lewis Wickes Hine capitalizes on the facial expressions of his subjects as seen in the pictures of children fetching wood scraps to be used at the brick factory. The most striking detail in the Kabul picture is the faces of the children featured as they express emotional suffering and exhaustion. The innocent children without a doubt are tired of the kind of work they have to do to make ends meet. They are clearly unhappy at face. The work that they have to do is heavy and especially so considering that the location at which they are working looks desolate. The picture shows the child at the background having a face contorted possibly due to exhaustion and helplessness. A closer look reveals that the child is weeping; possibly wiping her tears. Both the children are dressed in a manner that clearly defines their state of poverty. The children walk with their heads focused on the ground. This shows how downcast they are. This is justified given the fact that other children of their ages are in school or at least playing together somewhere. Between the two girls, the younger is weary to an extent that she is not even able to keep up with the walking pace of her sister. The garbage picker’s face reveals a shade of sorrow even though his face is focused on the photograph er. He is clearly tired, possibly having worked a long time searching in the garbage. He works in a place where all around is garbage. His merchandise therefore comprises pieces of waste material. Both of his hands tightly hold whatever treasures he has retrieved from the garbage pit. The garbage picker carries a box on his back, an item that clearly is big for a person his size. He seems to be helpless and hopeless going by his facial expression. What is evident in both pictures is the depiction of children subjected to child labour and the effect this has on the emotional wellbeing of the victims.

Patience is a virtue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Patience is a virtue - Essay Example In some cases, people might think that such people are a burden to the rest of the group. However, when given time to cope and learn, they become an integral part of the group. As a result, the statement can be applied in this case to enlighten the other members that it’s important to be patient in order to accommodate others. Many people are quick to make conclusions (MacIntyre 2013). As a result, they miss the main point which and are likely to make mistakes. However, if they took more time to meditate and listen to others, they could have been able to make the right decision. The statements can be used to inform such people on the need to uphold patience in order to avoid such incidences. Many of the organizations fail to achieve their objectives because the managers want to make quick profits. However, an organization needs to familiarize itself with the customers. This takes time and resources. These statements can be applied in this to inform the managers on the need to be patient in order to achieve long-term

Problem Solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Problem Solving - Essay Example The problem could not be detected for three working days, and the off-days added two more days making the disappearance of five-day record in total. The main objective appears at here includes introducing of the complete security system with the help of anti-virus and other related programmes for escaping the attack of any computer virus in the software programmes for the future days to come. Additionally, there is a certain need for introducing the keeping and monitoring of some manual record of the arrival, departure and other activities of the staff members and students as well to avoid any unpleasant state of affairs in future appears due to the loss of important data. Despite the fact that maintenance of record as well as other staff-related activities is unconditionally attributed to the management of an organisation (Griffin 2010, p. 64); nevertheless, being the IT technician as well as a part of school staff, I also find myself to be responsible for the preserving of the entire school records by protecting them from getting destroyed in any manner on the one side, and taking active role in the school and IT affairs on th e other. Furthermore, since the contemporary age is frequently viewed to be the era of technological advancement (Gates 1999, p. 3); as a result, almost all activities are preserved and supervised with the help of electronic and technical equipment. As a result, guaranteeing the monitoring of the arrival and departure of the staff members, students and outsiders also serves as the moral and professional obligation of the personnel rendering services in the management and IT departments of an organisation. By taking the above stated situation into consideration, there appears an urgent need for solving this critical issue on priority basis, so that such incidents could not be repeated again altogether. First of all, the company preparing and offering the anti-virus software in use should be

The Music of Bollywood Films Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

The Music of Bollywood Films - Assignment Example The Indian cinema is not a recent production, but it has got a long, and I must say successful history and the credit mainly also goes to the Bollywood heroines also, forthe Bollywood heroines, starting from early ’60 to the present, like from Devika Rani to Kareena Kapoor, Nadia to Ashweria Rai, all of them have been the dream girls of the Bollywood, and have played some certain archetypes.Archetypes basically mean a very typical Example of a certain thing or a person. The most common archetypes of the Bollywood may include The Tragedy Queen, who was always sad though out the film, and was singing heart touching songs, or may be working as a maid in the beginning of the film, but being the princess at the end. This just always reminds me the Cinderella story. Meena Kumari, Raakhi and Preety Zinta for of the latest actresses present a very good example of the tragedy queen. The Sex Kitten is another archetype of Bollywood, in which Zeenat, Mumtaz and Sharmila for the old actre sses and Ashweria, Katrina Kaif, Bipasha Basu, and Malika Shirawath are natural sex appeals to take the title of the sex kittens. There was another category of heroines, who always go out to prove that the girls are always better than the boys, they were described as Tomboys. In this kind of role, Kajol has played an unforgettable role in Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, and Kareena Kapoor in Jab We Met. Stereotypes mean a widely used and oversimplified idea about a specific type of person or a thing. As far as I analyze, the Bollywood stereotypes basically include the Religion specially Christianity, about Muslims, Hinduism itself and Sikhism also. After religion, the thing they most importantly include is the Region, for most of them are produced at places outside India. And according to another trend, they produce movies based on Ghosts also, which they call Bhoot. They are sometimes horror and

Impact Of Social Media On The Business World And Our Life Essay

Impact Of Social Media On The Business World And Our Life - Essay Example The researcher states that it is important for people to understand how they are going to use social media for their betterment, and also how the businesses can use this platform in order to enhance their revenue. Regarding social media and the popularity of emerging names in social media, two names that come to mind are WhatsApp and Instagram. Instagram is essentially a photo-sharing and video-sharing online service, which is available on platforms such as Apple, Windows, and Android. Likewise, WhatsApp is a messaging and photo-sharing app. which has gained immense popularity in the last 2 years. Both Instagram and WhatsApp incidentally share a common aspect; they both have been acquired by the social media behemoth Facebook. The amount paid to acquire Instagram and WhatsApp has been $1 billion and $16 billion respectively, therefore reflecting the profit-generating potential of social media platforms such as these. Almost 70% of the mobile users used internet on their mobile device s. With the increasing popularity of smartphones and other mobile devices, especially the Android-based ones, the social networking foray started to think how they can reach as many numbers of users as possible through their new and innovative ideas. This thinking created the need for generating a mobile messaging app, which is popularly known as Whats App. This popular mobile messaging service has almost 70 million active users every month. This shows how much people are using social networking in their everyday life. Instagram, the photo-sharing app over the internet, was acquired by Facebook for $1 billion. This acquisition had been buzzing over the media as hot news.

The Music of Bollywood Films Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

The Music of Bollywood Films - Assignment Example The Indian cinema is not a recent production, but it has got a long, and I must say successful history and the credit mainly also goes to the Bollywood heroines also, forthe Bollywood heroines, starting from early ’60 to the present, like from Devika Rani to Kareena Kapoor, Nadia to Ashweria Rai, all of them have been the dream girls of the Bollywood, and have played some certain archetypes.Archetypes basically mean a very typical Example of a certain thing or a person. The most common archetypes of the Bollywood may include The Tragedy Queen, who was always sad though out the film, and was singing heart touching songs, or may be working as a maid in the beginning of the film, but being the princess at the end. This just always reminds me the Cinderella story. Meena Kumari, Raakhi and Preety Zinta for of the latest actresses present a very good example of the tragedy queen. The Sex Kitten is another archetype of Bollywood, in which Zeenat, Mumtaz and Sharmila for the old actre sses and Ashweria, Katrina Kaif, Bipasha Basu, and Malika Shirawath are natural sex appeals to take the title of the sex kittens. There was another category of heroines, who always go out to prove that the girls are always better than the boys, they were described as Tomboys. In this kind of role, Kajol has played an unforgettable role in Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, and Kareena Kapoor in Jab We Met. Stereotypes mean a widely used and oversimplified idea about a specific type of person or a thing. As far as I analyze, the Bollywood stereotypes basically include the Religion specially Christianity, about Muslims, Hinduism itself and Sikhism also. After religion, the thing they most importantly include is the Region, for most of them are produced at places outside India. And according to another trend, they produce movies based on Ghosts also, which they call Bhoot. They are sometimes horror and

Air Passenger Duty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Air Passenger Duty - Essay Example The price-quantity equilibrium with APD =  £11, is shown by points A and B in Fig: 1. The fare that the consumers pay is given by Pd1 and the amount that the sellers receive is shown by Ps1. The difference between these two prices, given by AB (=  £11), is collected as the duty fee per unit by the government. The equilibrium supply of the short-haul trips is Q1. Now with the hike in APD, demand curve falls further to D2. As again, the vertical distance between D2 and D0 is  £12. The new equilibrium quantity and prices are now given by the points C and D. Fares that the buyers pay is now Pd2 and the sellers receive as much as Ps2. Again the difference between these two prices, i.e. CD (= £12) is taken as the duty fee per unit by the government. The equilibrium quantity of short haul trips now reduces to Q2. Thus the entire effect of this decision can be summarised below: From the society’s point of view the dead weight loss from the taxation also rises. With APD =  £11, it is equal to the area of the triangle ABE, but with the hike of  £1 in APD, the dead weight loss will be equal to the area of the larger triangle CDE. Hence the deadweight loss or the loss in social welfare accumulates with this decision (Mankiw, 2008, p. 164). Thus the buyers’ price will rise exactly by the hike in the rate of tax, i.e.  £1, only if Ed = 0, which means the price elasticity of demand is equal to zero which further means that the demand curve is vertical and perfectly inelastic. In case of perfectly inelastic demand the buyers will not try to look for alternatives even if the price of that commodity rises. They will not try to shift their consumption to elsewhere very easily. Producers will, in such cases, try to take advantage of buyers’ strong inclination towards their product. They will pass the entire burden of increased taxes onto the buyers successfully. Thus if the demand is perfectly inelastic, buyers have to bear the entire burden of

Activity-based costing Essay Example for Free

Activity-based costing Essay There are many different types of cost systems a company can choose from when calculating their costs. Two of the most frequently used cost accounting systems are a volume based cost system and an activity based cost (ABC) system. Each system has their own advantages and disadvantages and some are more common among certain industries. Wilkerson, like many other companies, used a simple/volume based cost accounting system. Under this system, Wilkerson was inappropriately allocating their costs by assigning the overhead expenses based on direct labor, thus calculating their total costs and operating income incorrectly. If Wilkerson continues to operate their company ignoring the fact that their costs are inaccurate, it is possible that they may make poor business and pricing decisions in the future. Although Wilkerson’s costs are currently being calculated incorrectly, if they decide to use an activity based costing system, they may achieve more accurate results. Using a simple cost accounting system is often easier and less time consuming than an activity based costing system, but it is also less accurate. Wilkerson’s implementation of an ABC system would most likely be very beneficial to the company in terms of both determining their costs more precisely and making overall better pricing and business decisions. An ABC system at Wilkerson would look very different than their current volume based system. Wilkerson’s ABC system would use machine-related expenses, setup labor cost, receiving and production control, engineering, and packaging and shipment as the cost pools. The revised per unit product costs under this system would be $46.17/valve, $58.20/pump, and 115.38/flow controller and the margins would be 46.3%, 33.1%, and -9.9%, respectively. The results when calculating product costs are so different depending on the cost system because we are now actually determining the costs per unit with multiple cost pools because each resource uses a different amount of the indirect resources rather than assigning the manufacturing overhead cost solely based on the direct labor costs. Based on this new accounting information I would recommend that Wilkerson try to make an improvement in their flow controller product. Since the gross margin for this line is negative, if adjustments are made but there is no improvement in its profitability, I would tell Wilkerson to consider dropping the line completely. Although Wilkerson would lose $420,000 in sales, their costs would be reduced by more than this amount, ultimately increasing overall profits for the company. Unfortunately, there are some limitations in our analysis of Wilkerson’s alternative cost systems. One limitation is that we are unable to easily assess how the market will react to a change in the flow controller line. A second limitation that we have to consider when looking at our analysis is that although our cost allocations are much more accurate than before, these costs are still the averages for each product, which could impact how accurate we are in determining the costs. However, if we are able to look past these limitations, our analysis of Wilkerson is beneficial in shaping how the company can more accurately calculate costs as well as be more profitable in general.

Helena Viramontes Miss Clairol Essay -- short story, Miss Clairol

Helena Viramontes' short story, "Miss Clairol," takes the reader through a day in the life of Arlene, a single Hispanic mother, and her daughter, Champ. They begin their day at K-Mart in search for just the right beauty products for Arlene because she is going on a date that evening. After leaving without paying, they spend the day at home. Arlene prepares for the date while Champ assists her, watches television, and fixes herself dinner. Once Arlene is sufficiently fixed, she leaves for the date, ignoring Champ as she yells goodbye. Although I had to read "Miss Clairol" all the way through several times in order to develop a full understanding of the story and its purpose, I needed no extra reading to understand Arlene and my feelings about her. From the beginning of the story, my gut reaction to Arlene was disgust, and as I continued to read, my distaste only enlarged. Although I do not feel that Viramontes' sole purpose was to disturb the reader by her characterization of this sin gle mother, that was what kept my attention from the moment she was introduced. My dislike for Arlene began with the mere description of her physical appearance . When Arlene is first presented, she is depicted wearing "bell bottom jeans two sizes too small" and "a pink strapless tube top" (78). Not only do her clothes fit improperly, but "her stomach spills over the hip hugger jeans" as well (78). I next realized Arlene is accompanied by her young daughter, Champ. I was caught off guard by her blatant use of profanity in front of Champ. For example, she responds to Champ's question about which Miss Clairol box to grab saying, "Shit, mija, I dunno," and after dropping a gum wrapper on the ground, the simple comment, "Fuck it," expresses her nonchala... ...e next man is so far from romantic in the way I understand the concept, that it angers me to hear about it. Arlene's misunderstanding of romance epitomizes my serious dislike for her. My experience with good parenting and romance is so opposite of Arlene's parenting and ideas of romance that I am repulsed by them. Because it is so easy to develop set ideas of what is right and wrong concerning these concepts at such a young age, it is difficult to rid myself of the biases now that I am a young adult. These cultural biases that created the lens through which I read this story strongly affected my perception of Arlene in a way that no one else can experience. Work Cited Viramontes, Helena. "Miss Clairol." Literature and Gender: Thinking Critically through Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Eds. Robyn Wiegman and Elena Glasberg. New York: Longman, 1999. 78-81. Print.

Kerouac :: essays research papers

Martin, William  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2-14-97   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charters, Ann. Kerouac: A Biography. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1959, 1994.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  419 pp. Jack Kerouac   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kerouac: A Biography, helps to explain how Jack Kerouac, the founder and most important member of the Beat movement, was influenced by the rapidly changing culture of the 1950’s, as well as, how Kerouac ignited a social and literal revolution in America, from which the Beatniks and Hippies emerged. All of Kerouac’s books drew public attention due to Kerouac’s originality and new style of writing. Kerouac’s originality and unique style of writing is also why, “Kerouac is best known as the key figure of the artistic and cultural phenomenon of the 1950’s known as the Beat movement'; (Stine 273). Kerouac: A Biography helps to explain why the statement above is true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book, Kerouac: A Biography, is very thorough and explains every aspect of Jack Kerouac: past, present, and future. Everything is very detailed throughout the book. According to Deck: “Ann Charter’s ‘Kerouac,’ taken as straight biography or as an evocation of perhaps one of the liveliest periods in American letters, is a pleasure. It is about men and ideas that changed everything. That’s reason is enough o read it'; (23). Deck’s statement is true, the book is a pleasure to read. Kerouac was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, on March 12, 1922. Kerouac went to school in New York City and afterward served in World War II. After the war Kerouac became a wanderer, traveling through the United States and Mexico. Kerouac’s wandering and experiences are what created the subject matter of his books. Even though Charters is friends with Kerouac, she is not biased. Charters explains both the positive and negative aspects of Jack Kerouac, such as Kerouac’s alcoholism. Charters also discusses all of Kerouac’s works and how they are actually personal stories of Kerouac’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The changing culture of the 1950’s is what inspired Kerouac to evolve into the creative genius that he became. In San Francisco, California, and Greenwich Village, New York, America’s culture was beginning to change during the 1950’s. Jazz, sex, and drugs were eminent throughout both of these cities. The bohemian culture, as well as, Eastern philosophy were also beginning to play a major role in people’s lives. People were beginning to open there minds to Eastern philosophy and trying to ignore the idealism of the unenlightened West. Other influences of Kerouac were such writers as Walt Whitman and Henry Miller.

Google Communication Essay

When you’re talking about a good company to work for, Google is one of the top employers to get in business with and to work for. Everyone wants to read up on Google, every eye is on this one particular company. It has one of most interesting organization cultures out of all cultures. Not to mention, In 2007 Google was ranked in the top 100 best businesses to work for. This statement was written in the fortune magazine. Me personally I say Google communicates very well. Google has the best and the fastest and most reliable search engine that it is. For Google to obtain these accomplishments they look and hire people who are tech savvy and are professionals. What makes Google a successful company? They value their talented employees. They reward them with good things; Google cherished good employees. To keep a business on the right track and successful, employees must be treated equally and be rewarded. Since I’ve known Google to be a search engine I haven’t heard about any downfalls or complaints. The Google management bring themselves together as a team and more so family. From the articles I’ve read, Google strives to give their employees the best experience that they could ever have. That goes for any business existed, you should aim to give your employees the best experience, something that they would never forget. That job that you always talk about and never would let go. Throughout the years we all know that Google has switched up something’s. Google has changed the way we receive information dramatically. Looking in or looking out Google is valued as a great company. Google also communicates well internally and externally. Google uses a number of apps for communication both ways. They have apps for education, business and not limited to marketing. One of my favorite apps is the Gmail app. You can have multiple email accounts and you can store all of your files there. One of most advantages using these apps is you do not need a credit card to use them. I find that Google does espouse and align with the enacted values as they incline to treat all equal and show all ideas with in the company as one. They plan together and they become successful together.

Sales Manager

In order to use the full potentials of the employees, the organization needs to motivate and encourage them. By motivating the employees, their performance level increase that results in better achieving organizational goals. However, according to Maslow’s theory, the organization needs to cater to employees five basic needs: physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem and self-actualization (Jones, George, Hill, 1998). Among them, physiological need is the most basic and important one. In this need, all employees need is an ample pay scale in which they fulfill their basic survival needs such as food, residence, clothes etc. Now analyzing the problem faced at NL&C, the management needs to find the reasons for the lethargic attitude of the employees toward their work. The most probable complaints that the employees at NL&C do is that their basic stipend is low. The employees do not feel motivated towards their job that affects to the organization’s performance. The HRM needs to review the employee policy and ask the top-management to make an increase in their salary. Besides that, the management also needs to introduce the scheme of rewarding the employees with bonus rewards in which, if the employees are able to achieve a certain sales target, they would be given additional pay. In this way not only will they get intrinsically motivated, but will also show their interest in their job tasks (Kreitner, Kinicki, 2004). In order to motivate the employees more, the top few employees of the month should also be awarded with perquisites. In this way, a sense of competition among employees will arouse and they will work harder and inclined towards their achieving the goals. Besides monetary motivation, the employees can be motivated by providing them with good job environment and ambience. The employees should also be given of certain level of delegation which triggers their decision-making power. The employees should also be given the sense of promotion on the basis of their performance. Thus the management needs to address to all those motivating factors in order to encourage them and make them work to their full capabilities. Once the NL&C management would take this initiative, there is definitely going to be a change in the employee’s attitude and will try to perform at their utmost level, which will result fruitful for NL&C for both short and long-term basis.

The Ancient Korean Culture

The traditional Korean Society retains a strong Confucian tradition, which is clearly manifested in the strong devotion to the family. This tradition combined with the passionate nature of Koreans can perhaps explain strong loyalties felt between relatives, co-workers, classmates, and friends. This is all true of Korean society today. Even though a number of things have changed, there is still a strong emphasis on the traditional family (People, 1). One of the big differences in the traditional Korean family structure and the current family structure is arranged marriages. Arranged marriages reflected the traditional belief that marriage is the union of two families, not simply two people. Under the old family system parents arranged marriages without the consent of their children, either male or female. In the current Korean family this is still true but to a different extent. Since under the old family system, daughters left their parents to live with their husband†s families, marriage was often traumatic for them. New wives of course tried to please their husband, but more importantly, they had to please their mother in laws. The mother in law directed then wife in her housework and had the power to send the bride back home in disgrace if the bride seriously displeased her. Sometimes this adjustment was hard for the bride (Sorensen, 1). Arranged marriages continue to become popular because young men and women in Korea find casual socializing awkward and often feel like the lack experience to choose their own partners. Although casual dating is now more common, most interactions between young men and women occur in groups. Arranged marriages also seem safe because to go between clearly appraises the social background of the bride and groom. After their engagement a couple will date so they know each other well by the time they marry. The pattern is so common that Koreans assume that a young couple who dates regularly will be married (Sorensen, 3). Another aspect of Korean family structure that has changed is the role of men. Sons were more valuable than daughters. Sons had to say at their parents† home even after marriage. This law was revised. Since people often move to find work, eldest sons often cannot live with their parents. The New Civil code of 1958 legalized change favoring the new conditions. Essentially, the new code weakened the power of the head of the household, and strengthened the husband-wife relationship (Male children, 1). Sons were also important because under Korea†s Confucian tradition the family name and family tradition was passed down through male heirs. When a couple could not produce a male heir, they would try to have a son with another woman in order to guarantee that the family name was carried on to the next generation. Parents also depended on their sons when they retired. Today the house head cannot determine where family members live. An eldest son can now leave home against his father†s will. Husbands and wives share power to determine the education punishment of the children. Children can decide on their own marriages, and permission is not required if they are of age. Younger sons leave their parent to form their own families when they marry, and the head of the household no longer has the legal right to manage all family property. Since the New civil code, all children have equal claim in their parents property (Sorensen, 2). A third aspect of change in the Korean family structure is the division of labor of males and females. In the tradition family, men labored outside, taking care of major field crops, while women worked inside doing housework, spinning, weaving, cooking, and raising the children. To a certain extent this tradition lives on today, even as more and more women take jobs in the modern work place. Husbands usually think it is embarrassing to help with the housework, although some of the younger ones help (Male children, 2). The raising of Korean children is done pretty much the same way in the traditional family structure as in the current family structure. Young children were and are indulged. Toilet training was relaxed and children were not disciplined before they were old enough to reason. By the time a child reached six or seven, training began in earnest. Parents began the strict separation of girls and boys, in accordance with Confucian ethics, and they trained children to use the respectful voice of those older (Differences, 2). By the time he reached seven a boy knew that he must use the respectful mode of speech to his older brother, and he knew that failure to do so would result in swift and certain punishment. All of these things are still done today. The only difference is the position of girls in these families. Traditionally, a girl by seven usually knows her position in the family was inferior to her brother†s because when she was married, she left the family. Now, both of them have the option of leaving or staying (Differences, 2). Finally the last aspect of the Korean family culture that has not changed is the importance of education for Korean children. A common belief in Korean is children are reflection of their parents. Parents are expected to all out support their children†s education, often sacrificing their own comfort. More money is spent on private tutoring and exam schools than on public education. Koreans put great stock in a college education. It is the most important factor in deciding one†s career. Another reason is Korean parents† devotion to their children. They will do anything to ensure their children†s success and happiness. Many parents also hope that their children will achieve the success that they dreamed of but never achieved (Sorensen, 1). In spite of recent changes, fundamental characteristics of the traditional Korean family remain. Each person in the family still has a clearly defined role, each dependant on others within the family unit. Korean†s adapt their traditional ideas within the family to new conditions. The family still retains a male house head. Inheritance of family leadership still continues through the father†s line, and sons still inherit more wealth than daughters do. Children, especially eldest sons, are still held responsible for the care of their aged parents. The structure of the Korean family remains with only a few changes. The core Confucian values, which shaped the family, are still a great force in Korean Life.

International Business Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Business - Dissertation Example This move has taken on new roles and forms in recent decades and has now come to feature in other sectors such as global politics. The conception and growth of large economic powerhouses such as Brazil, China, India and Far East Asia have come to dominate nearly all aspects of global interaction. In this sense, it can be said that international business has a large part to play in the development and growth of these economic powerhouses since they provide a number of goods and services required for economic development. The case of China is particularly mystifying since the Chinese models of doing business are far removed from how international businesses operate (Joshi, 2009). Even though significant differences are present, international businesses have still managed to penetrate and flourish in the Chinese economy. Research Objectives China has boasted around a 10% growth rate of the GDP for more than a decade which signifies tremendous economic development (Creedy et al., 2006). However, it needs to be seen how international businesses adopted to Chinese market regulations and business structures including the manipulation of the human resources structure. Chinese businesses have traditionally been based on the paternal structure with considerable official influences (Starr, 2001). This is altogether removed from the manner in which business is conducted internationally. Larger businesses that have the skills and capacity to wander into new territories for business development tend to utilise representative and dynamic methods for human resource management. The Chinese human resources management model is centred on a central figure whose instructions are unchallenged. Furthermore, the Chinese conception of business has a large amount of state interference and control being exerted. However, international business tend to operate independently from state control (Sato, 2006). These and several other significant differences require further investigation to el ucidate how international businesses adopted to the Chinese markets. SMART Objectives Specific: assessing the extent and impact of grey markets and illegal flights on business aviation in the Middle East Measureable: quantifying the entry of international businesses as per time in the Chinese markets to discern if entry is increasing or receding Attainable: research materials on the Chinese economy are abundant but would require meticulous screening to achieve the objectives Relevant: international business are expanding vehemently in international markets so factors required for expansion need to be looked into in detail Timed: the proposed research will constrain itself to the post 1990 period in order to deliver on time Research Questions What are the characteristics of Chinese businesses and economy that differentiate them from the truly open markets where international businesses are used to operating? How have international businesses adopted (through replacement, modification or addition to existing practices) to the Chinese economic models of doing business? Do these changes represent unique cultural values or are these findings applicable to other fast growing economies? Methodology The research will be split into primary and secondary research areas. The secondary research will be carried out through a review of the relevant literature while the primary research will focus on acquiring information from international businesses in China. The secondary re

Gender and sex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender and sex - Essay Example Let’s first talk about gender. Gender is something that is defined by the society, and not by Nature. That is why, gender is not natural, because it can be modified, recreated, and protested against. Sex is natural. One culture will define an actual man who beats up his wife; while another culture will consider a person a man considering his height and voice. Some cultures define a woman as a person bearing children; while, others will define a woman as individuals with delicate stature. These are all the gender roles that every culture assigns to men and women, thus associating these roles with one gender. Generally speaking as in all cultures, male gender is associated with roles like going out for jobs, playing games, joining clubs, and becoming politicians; while, female gender is associated with roles like running a house, bearing children, raising them up, doing grocery, serving the family, and the like. Thus, we assign specific roles to one gender, and call it man or wo man. Biologists talk about gamete size when defining sex; but, culture talks about power and freedom while talking about men; and, about frailty, sex and cowardliness while taking about women. This distinction of gender is defined by the society depending upon the societal roles. ... They are obnoxious toward reverse gender roles. Stephen (2002, 50) gives example from Latin America, and states that, â€Å"As the Spanish explored northern Mexico, which later became the American Southwest, they found same-sex sexual interaction among men and men who seemed to be dressed like women.† This shows that gender can be adopted. Also, Kulick (1997, 574) describes in his paper how the Latin American society generates diverse arrangements of gender, consisting of men and not-men, instead of men and women. Hence, gender and gender roles are changeable, and this is the main difference between sex and gender. So, gender is not natural. Now, let’s talk about race not being natural. Races do not exist, because there is no biological category of races. It is also, like gender, a theory constructed by society. Someone belonging to a specific geographical location, with features resembling the people of that geography, belongs to a certain race, as defined by the socie ty. But those features could have been changed if someone was raised in a location different from that of his ancestors. Hence, race cannot be passed on to the next generation, because it is not based on biological facts Goldstein (1999, 564) also states that race is not just determined by phenotype, but by context. The idea of race not being natural is a bit hard to understand when compared with gender. Simple is that race is defined by geographical distinctions, and these distinctions are not defined by nature. Races only make divisions of otherwise disordered biological patterns, as the separation of these biological patterns makes it easy to allocate resources between populations. In the film, â€Å"Blacks in Latin America†, we come to know that blacks in Latin America

Individuals That Did Not Pull the Trigger Article

Individuals That Did Not Pull the Trigger - Article Example Four suspects have been accused of the murder of Max Gadau; a seventeen year old son to Atricia Gadau. Dzevad Avdic who is the fourth suspect planned for robbery. He did not have the intention to shoot or kill anyone in the scene. The initial cause of the murder was the stealing of marijuana. This means that the fourth suspect initialized events that led to the murder of Max. The suspect is guilty of murder. Another suspect is Ly, he aided in the identification of an easy target. He identified the girl as a weak point and suggested that she would corporate at gunpoint. He appeared on the scene of the murder making him guilty of murder. Ly’s case is a conspiracy issue only that he appeared in the murder scene. Had the girl corporated as expected by Ly, none of the shooting would occur.  Four suspects have been accused of the murder of Max Gadau; a seventeen year old son to Atricia Gadau. Dzevad Avdic who is the fourth suspect planned for robbery. He did not have the intention to shoot or kill anyone in the scene. The initial cause of the murder was the stealing of marijuana. This means that the fourth suspect initialized events that led to the murder of Max. The suspect is guilty of murder. Another suspect is Ly, he aided in the identification of an easy target. He identified the girl as a weak point and suggested that she would corporate at gunpoint. He appeared on the scene of the murder making him guilty of murder. Ly’s case is a conspiracy issue only that he appeared in the murder scene. Had the girl corporated as expected by Ly, none of the shooting would occur.   Myles Hughes was another suspect that did not pull the trigger. He only went inside the car with the rest of the suspects. He sat next to the fifth suspect, who pulled the trigger. His charge is that of conspiracy, as he did not expect the fifth suspect to pull the trigger. The shot girl would identify him as the person that acted as an accomplice to the theft. Nicholas Smith was the suspect who cooperated with the police at the time of the murder. The individual had the knowledge that the stealing of the marijuana was the only plot of the robbery. He had no plan of being involved in the robbery, happened to appear in the murder scene. There is no murder charge against him, because he did not have initiative to participate in the robbery.  

Wind Farm Development in the United Kingdom Essay

Wind Farm Development in the United Kingdom - Essay Example This research will begin with the history of wind farm development in the United Kingdom. Wind farm development in the United Kingdom owes its influence to a few litigations. Among them is the Kyoto Protocol, which legally binds, the United Kingdom to its treaty of reducing greenhouse gases emission. There are a number of recommendations the treaty offers to this effect, but the United Kingdom has made significant steps in energy harnessing from the sun, water and wind. By the beginning of 2012, United Kingdom had the capacity of producing close to 1000 mega watts worth of solar energy. Meanwhile, water mainly generates hydroelectric power with estimated potentials of 5000Gkh. The other factor is the situation in MENA countries. Fossil fuels are the most widely used sources of fuel even in the United Kingdom. The Middle East and Northern African countries are the greatest producers of oil in the world but at the same time prone to political and economic instability. In this regard, w hatever economic or civil situation purges MENA countries, affects the state of oil production. A good example of political instability is the recent rebellion of citizens against dictator leaders in Libya, Egypt and Tunisia. This makes relying on fossil fuels such as oil and biogas tricky. Then, there is the fact that use of fossil fuel leads to production of green house gases reducing the use of oil even further. The United Kingdom sees the need to find a source of fuel that is reliable – not dependant on factors such as political instability, non pollutant and easy to produce. ... Since there got some progress in wind farms establishment and subsequent production of wind energy, a lot had to be done (Mackay 2009, p. 79). The year 2009 saw the establishment of 211 of fully functional wind farms. There is a steady progress in wind farm development across the country. For the year 2012, the aim is to increase offshore wind production capability by building at least five wind farms with a potential capacity of producing 1300 mega watts of electricity. This will be a much welcomed addition to the current 6,580 megawatts produced by the 333 fully functional wind farms across the country. Examples of functional wind farms in the U.K include the Burbo Bank wind farm, Scroby Sands and the largest offshore wind farm in the world, Thanet wind farm at the coast of Kent. The government’s commitment to these projects is clear from the current budget allocation of over five hundred million pounds to offshore wind farms (Julia 2006, p. 103). Wind farm development has a large ecological impact both positively and negatively. Positive Ecological impact, of wind farm development in the U.K: Unlike other sources of energy, wind power does not require the use of another fuel or water for it to be produced. This ensures that when producing wind energy one does not require exploiting other sources of fuel (Dragoon 2010, p. 87). Wind power does not produce air pollution during production essentially making it a clean source of energy (Boyle 2004, p. 34). Building wind farms, therefore, means there will be less air pollution; this will give the environment ample time to disintegrate the already existing green house gases in the atmosphere. Studies indicate that, since the embrace of wind energy use, carbon dioxide emissions have reduced

Descriptive statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Descriptive statistics - Essay Example Differences in the mean pretest and posttest scores were computed to find out the extent in the change of confidence level brought about by the CRRP course. A higher mean difference value would indicate a higher degree of change in confidence level brought about by the CRRP course. Range and standard deviation measured the variability of the computed values in the study (Agresti & Finlay, 2009). A nurse leader may use descriptive statistics in cases when the â€Å"average† result is helpful in determining a course of action. In such cases, descriptive statistics are persuasive enough because it is able to give an overall picture of the data set in discussion. However, descriptive statistics, as the name implies simply provides a description of the data set and does not allow the nurse leader, to make inferences regarding the data (Malone, 2001). Based on my personal experience, we use descriptive statistics (particularly mean values) to find the prevalent cases in the nursing unit. Our department also routinely conducts a nurses’ evaluation assessment and our mean performance scores are usually given to us. Usefulness of Confidence Intervals in Determining Clinical Significance Confidence intervals indicate how variable the study data are, that is, the average distance of the data set values from the mean (Lee & Zelen, 2000). It should be noted that the true condition of a given population would be almost impossible to determine. Thus, researchers rely on the condition of a sample to provide a picture of the population. Confidence intervals aid researchers, analysts and practitioners in making decisions with regards to the clinical relevance of the data at hand. For example, if a study indicates a confidence interval of 95%, then the reader is able to determine that the values or the assessment given in the study is true for the population 95% of the time. The shorter the confidence interval, the more accurate is the assessment (Maki, 2006). For e xample, suppose a trial was conducted on the effectiveness of a weight loss pill against a placebo. Results of the study indicate that at a 95% confidence level, the weight loss was given to be 9 lbs. This means that the weight loss range would be between 4 to 14 lbs. Another interpretation of this information would be that it is highly likely for the pill to reduce one’s weight by at least 4 lbs, but highly unlikely for it to reduce one’s weight by more than 12 lbs. In this case, although the 9 lb weight loss arrived at was essentially just an estimate, the confidence interval that was set for the trial was able to quantify the uncertainty that was associated with that estimate (Malone, 2001). Clinical Significance vs. Statistical Significance Statistical significance measures the likelihood that the differences in the results of a particular test is due to the intervention applied on the treatment group and not simply due to chance (Malone, 2001). The most common mea sures of statistical significance, or hypothesis testing, are confidence intervals and p-values. On the other hand, clinical significance measures the magnitude of the differences created by the intervention on the daily lives of the participants (Agresti & Finlay, 2009). One controversy surrounding the issue between clinical and statistical significance is that statistical significance does not provide a clear picture of how large is the

Banduras social learning theory Essay Example for Free

Banduras social learning theory Essay Our study is based on the theory of operant conditioning and Banduras social learning theory. Operant conditioning states that learning happens through association, and we believe that car advertises are trying to make their target population associate buying their car with a desired characteristic/traits/lifestyles e.g. having a lot of female attention. Skinner described the ABC model of operant conditioning, which includes an antecedent, behaviour and a consequence. Bandura for his theory stated that learning can only occur if the four criteria (attention, retention, reproduction and motivation) were met. From looking at YouTube adverts we found that smaller cars had a tendency to have more feminine themes whereas larger cars tended to have more masculine themes.  Aim  To whether there is a difference between gender and the size of cars they drive.  Alternative Hypothesis:  Males will have a higher tendency to drive large cars while females will have a higher tendency to drive smaller cars  Null Hypothesis:  There will be no difference in gender and the size of the car they drive, and any difference will be due to chance. METHOD:  Design:  This is an independent group design and a quasi experiment as each participant can only be in either the male or the female category. We will gather our data by tallying, as our study will only include nominal data. This is useful as tallying is easy to analyse and draw up conclusions from. We are only looking at the gender of the driver and the type/size of their cars, so our data is quantitative. This is a non-participant naturalistic overt observation. Seeing as our results are nominal, this is an independent group design and the hypothesis predicts a difference. We will try our best to operationalise our variables by tallying the cars for the same period of time and by collecting data in different locations throughout Maidstone. Our IV will be the gender and how dependent variable (DV) will be the size of the cars. To make it easier to see the driver or the car, we will be collecting our data by a set of traffic lights, and tallying in the correct sections.  Participants  All of our participants will be over 17, as this is the legal minimum driving age. We will be using opportunity sampling as only those driving at the time of the study will take part in the study. Apparatus  Pen, paper and clipboard   Procedure  1. A table was draw up to collect results in (a copy can be found in appendix)  2. Researchers decided time and place of when they will be getting results  3. Researches went to location, stood by the nearest traffic light and collect results  4. Next lesson, the results were pooled  5. Adjustments were made  6. Carried out inertial test using chi-squared test  Control:  Pilot study was not to include family and sports cars as they are marketed differently and tend to be gender neutral. We increased our ecological validity by carrying out the experiment in different places in Maidstone. Ethics We followed most of the ethical guidelines by: ensuring that no participants were harmed physically or psychology and that the results were anonymous. Participants were not given fully-informed consent and were not debriefed as this would be too time consuming, but if a participant was to ask about our study they would have been told the true aim of the study and having their results omitted if they want to.We will accept our null hypothesis and reject our alternative hypothesis because our observed value (1.34) of chi-squared is lower than the critical value(3.841) and this means our results arent significant. Therefore the probability of our results being due to chance equal p0.5. Evaluation Our results are not generalisable because our participants are only form Maidstone and surroundings areas. People from different areas may have different cars and adverts in different cars might be marketed differently where males may not necessarily drive large cars and females drive small cars. To improve the study, we could look at adverts from other countries and if they are different, we could see whether they have an effect on the drivers.  By using opportunity sampling, our results were not representative because there might be different people that only drive specifically during a certain time of day. Our results are not reliable as they have inter rater reliability and also it is likely that participants may not have been driving their own car they might have been driving a family members car or a company car either way they might have not necessarily been driving their own car. This means our results would be unreliable because we are trying to find out if advertising influences a persons choice in cars we would have to ask the participants if they are driving their own cars and discard the results of those who arent. However, this is would be too time consuming and the only way of doing this efficiently is to do it in a car park but this would mean our sample size would be small.  We can also tell that our results arent replicable as other members of our class had different results and did accept their alternative hypothesis (we all carried out the same tasks with the same aim but under different conditions) and they are not similar to the key study (Bandura) as his study would suggest that advertising would have an effect on peoples choice on the size of the car. Also, there are other factors that may influence the choice on car, for example the cost of the car. Our results were made insignificant because there were more males driving small cars than large cars but overall there were more small cars than large cars observed in the experiment and this could be due to smaller cars being cheaper rather than the way they are being observed.  We could carry out the experiment at different types to have more control over extraneous variables in order to try and improve our study. Seeing as our results show that there is no difference between gender and the size of the car, it seems that our study would have applications to real life as it shows that advertisers are wasting their money marketing their cars specifically to male/females.  The study was valid in that it was a naturalistic observation of real driving behaviour that was not affected by the observer. The drivers of the cars were either male or female. Also, our study has face validity as there are different opinions on types and the sizes of cars, even though there was a general outline, most of us did get confused about some cars and to those that we could not categorise were not included in the study.  Our study would be ethical regardless of the fact that informed consent was not given as if participants were to ask us about the study; they would be informed about the true aim.

Multilateral Diplomacy: The Preferred Path?

Multilateral Diplomacy: The Preferred Path? When states are confronted with diplomatic challenges or in the conduct of their foreign policy, international actors make use of several types of foreign policy strategy: multilateral, bilateral and unilateral. For the purpose of this essay, this paper will focus only on multilateral and bilateral diplomacy. Multilateral and bilateral diplomacy are sometimes seen as twines from the same destiny, for example the European Union constitutes an emerging diplomatic order in which multilateralism and bilateralism are intertwined and bilateralism, whilst constituting a significant component of this multilateral order, is at the same time being re-situated within it and policy areas re-located from predominantly bilateral to the multilateral framework or a mixed bi-multilateral set of processes (Keukeleire,2000: 4-5 cited in Batora and Hocking, 2008:14). The rise of multilateral diplomacy can be traced back to the nineteenth century when the concert of Europe sat around the table together a t the congress of Vienna. Yet this diplomacy, developed in its full form in the twentieth century with the creation of the League of Nations in the aftermath of the First World War and with the United Nations, embodiment of multilateral diplomacy, born after the Second World War (Moore, 2012:1). Today, the UN has a worldwide membership and the global landscape is peppered with economic and regional institutions that are multilateral in nature, such as World Trade Organisation, the International Monetary Fund, the European Union and the G20 (Moore, 2012:1). For the purpose of this essay, this paper, first and foremost seeks to define the terms bilateral and multilateral diplomacy respectively. The paper will examine whether multilateral diplomacy is the preferred path for larger states. It will then proceed to examine if bilateral diplomacy still have a role to play. Multilateralism will be discussed from a realist and neoliberals perspective. The paper will also look at bilateral diplomacy in a multilateral context using North Korea as an example. This paper will finally draw a conclusion, by arguing that both multilateral and bilateral diplomacy have various roles to play, multilateral diplomacy is the preferred path for larger states. DEFINITION OF BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY On one hand bilateral diplomacy is characterised by a-sometimes asymmetric-focus on the goal of two actors. It usually means the consensual handling of bilateral relations between two sovereign states. Equal sovereign states are the central actors in the relationship, and any conduct of the relationship needs consensual will from both sides (Klein, Reiners, Zhimin, Junbo, and Slosarcik, 2010:6-20). On the other hand, multilateral diplomacy is defined as a situation where three or more actors are engaged in voluntary and (more or less) institutionalised co-operation governed by norms and principles, with rules that apply (more or less) equally to all (Klein, Reiners, Zhimin, Junbo, and Slosarcik, 2010:7). Furthermore, multilateral diplomacy is viewed as a process linked with norms and ideals about greater international justice, legal equality (or at least non-discrimination) and legitimacy. It is not solely about the number of participating states (Johnson, 2009:56). Moreover, it is defined as the management of international relations among three or more states through diplomatic or representatives without the services of a specialised secretariat (Diplomats, 2009:1). According to Moore, multilateral diplomacy is academically defined as diplomacy conducted via conferences attended by three or more states on the basis of generalised rules of conduct, while a UN envoy has defined it in simpler terms, depicting the diplomatic form as a bunch of countries pushing their own barrows but in the one room (Moore, 2012:1). For the purpose of this essay, this paper defines multilateral diplomacy as a collective, cooperative action by states when necessary in concert with non- state actors-to deal with common challenges and problems when these are best managed collectively at the internal level. In other words, it is the negotiations and discussions which allow these collective and cooperative actions between states and non-states (Cockburn, 2012:1). IS MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY THE PREFERRED PATH FOR LARGER STATES The growing importance of multilateral diplomacy is a phenomenon of the 21st century, partly because the 21st century has thrown up problems which are universal in nature such as human rights, the international control of disease, the international flow of capital and information, humanitarian assistance, labour rights, trade, natural environmental issues with transnational fall-out and environmental issues of an international nature (Cockburn, 2012:1). The above mentioned problems supersede national sovereignty and this have required some form other and above bilateral diplomacy in order to address them (Cockburn, 2012:1). However, a mounting backlash against globalisation is mingling with widespread loss of faith in the multilateral system- with the conspicuous gap between expectations and outcomes in Copenhagen being merely the latest example. This matters a great deal, because if publics believe that cooperation doesnt work, governments will have greater difficulty marshalling the political will or financial resources to carry out multilateral solutions (Jones, 2010:4). Critiques of multilateral diplomacy argued that multilateral agreements will have to target ambiguous and sometimes elusive common denomination of the many national interests involved and this tends to the lowest common denominator of all the countries involved as a result of the need to reach a political consensus among the participants (Reich, 2009:13).The negotiation and drafting process is usually decided by the large and powerful countries, whereas the small countries have almost no ability to influence the outcome of multilater al negotiation (Reich, 2009:13). Again in a multilateral agreement, it is extremely difficult to reach the necessary consensus in order to conclude such an agreement and therefore in many cases it remains a desirable, but unattainable goal (Reich, 2009:17). Additionally, the US, Russia and China all fail to recognise the international criminal court, thus this drastically reducing its power. Also the most published fight against global warming appears to have been brought to a halt by the failure of the major powers to sign up to the Kyoto protocol (Cockburn, 2012:4). Cockburn again argued that multitude of multilateral treaties concerning weapons of war have ended up very little of what they promised because of major powers refusing to sign them. These are black marks against the name multilateral diplomacy and there are cases where rather than recognising a common good and making concessions on all sides, national interest have triumphed (Cockburn, 2012:4). Although achieving broadly multilateral efforts admittedly has its own set of obstacles and pitfalls, but it also has benefits that are inherently is not possible for any nation, even the United States to, achieve when it acts without others or even with a select few (Jentleson, 2003-4:9). For the purpose of this essay, this paper argues that multilateral diplomacy is the preferred path for larger states. The global war against terrorism has only proven the importance of multilateral cooperation. Much of the successes that have been achieved thus far in the war on terrorism has been through broad multilateral cooperation on a number of lower-profile fronts such as intelligence sharing, border security, economic sanctions and law enforcement (Jentleson,2003-4:9; Rademaker, 2006:1). Multilateral diplomacy, has a comparative advantage, by which different nations, relevant international institutions, and nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) all bring to bear their complementary expertise based on their own historical experience, traditional relationships, and policy emphasis (Jentleson, 2003-4:9). The redistribution of power on a global scale pushed by the emergence of new centres of power and the urgency of global challenges (the financial crisis, climate change, maritime security, to name a few) highlights the need for a multilateral diplomacy that deliver global public goods and contain emerging rivalries (Policy brief, 2011:2). As stated by Jones, the 9/11 attacks on the United States intensified multilateral cooperation both through formal and informal institutions, to tackle a range of transnational threats (Jones, 2012:2). Furthermore, there are a category of circumstances which may require only multilateral action through multilateral diplomacy. One example of such is the fight against international money laundry. This fight cannot be handle by a single state due to its nature. However, it has been successfully carried out by a multilateral strategy aimed a t all countries with no exceptions. It is done through a multilateral body named the Financial Action Tax Force (FATF) (Reich, 2009:22) Moreover, multilateral agreements, through multilateral diplomacy offer of course the advantage of lower transaction costs in one central negotiation and drafting process that results in the binding of all the parties to mutual obligation to one another (Reich, 2009:25). And other reason to prefer multilateral action is in circumstances where bilateral action will give unique advantages to the stronger party to the negotiation, and lead to suboptimal outcomes either from a distributive justice or efficiency perspective. In such situations multilateral negotiations that allow weaker countries-such as developing and least developed countries- the possibility to coordinate their positions and bargain collectively with the stronger countries may lead to better results (Reich, 2009:26). This paper argues that in an increasingly interdependent and globalised world, multilateral diplomacy is of value more so ever before in its history. The UN, if reformed accordingly, will continue to be used as a viable multilateral channel to counter fresh global challenges which confront not just a few states but all states (Moore, 2012:1). To further demonstrate how important multilateral diplomacy is to larger states, in his 2010 national security strategy, President Obama acknowledged the fact that the US had been successful after the second world war by pursuing their interest within multilateral forums such as the United Nations and not outside of them( Moore, 2012:2). The global financial crisis of 2008 and the European Unions sovereign debt crisis have demonstrated just how interdependent the economies of the western world are and this crisis has created an age of austerity in which multilateralism is needed ever than before (Moore, 2012:2). With the United States now working multilaterally through the UN and with the onset of a multipolar world, it appears that multilateral diplomacy will continue to be relevant in the 21st century, with the United Nations as the foremost institution for international cooperation. This position has restored UN credibility and revitalised multilateral diplomacy (Moore, 2012:3). The increasingly global nature of the threats that the world faces and the interdependency that is present amongst states shows that multilateral diplomacy remains and will continue to remain, relevant in the 21st century (Moore, 2012:3).The Libya campaign and the efforts to counter Irans nuclear threat are perfect examples of multilateral diplomacy being used effectively in a post 9/11 world. By taking all of these factors into account, it is therefore logical to concur with G.R. Berridge that multilateral diplomacy is here to stay (Moore, 2012:3). DOES BILATERAL DIPLOMACY STILL HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY The past few years have witnessed an outburst of bilateral diplomacy and treaties signed in the field of international law, in general, and in international trade in particular (Reich, 2009:1). Even the United States of America a former champion of multilateralism, which only in 1985 signed its first bilateral free trade agreement (with Israel), has been in a signing spree of such bilateral agreements, with the count now standing on no less than 37 countries with which the US has signed or is in the process of negotiating an (FTA) (Reich, 2009:1). Accordingly, in the field of international investment protection, the attempt by the OECD to create a multilateral investment agreement (MAI) failed in 1998, instead around 2009 we had some 2,750 bilateral investment treaties (BITs), with the number constantly on the rise (Reich, 2009:2). In certain instances, bilateral relations, including the formation of free trade zones, were described as a supplement to the multilateral negotiations on the liberalisation of the trade and the programme explicitly referred to trade relations with the US, Canada and Korea (Czech Republic, 2009:28). Bilateral arrangements also free states from multilateral rules and the demands of diffuse reciprocity; it allows states to obtain benefits from their relationships with weaker states (Klein, Reiners, Zhimin, Junbo and Slosarcik, 2010:22). Furthermore, bilateral-policies enacted by two parties are relatively easy. Simple negotiations reveal what each party wants and does not want. They can quickly resolve differences and move ahead with policy (Jones, 2011:1). Despite all the benefits associated with bilateral diplomacy, this paper still argues that multilateral diplomacy is the preferred path for larger states. As the world becomes smaller through advances in technology and communications, and the more independent the world becomes, the further multilateral diplomacy will develop as a vehicle for international cooperation on major global issues. Regional diplomacy is beginning to develop further with the creation, in the last decades of organisations such as the African Union, the continued enlargement and integration of the European Union after 9/11, and established organisations such as NATO and the Arab League remaining prevalent (Moore, 2012:2). MULTILATERALISM, REALISM AND NEOLIBERALISM Both realist and neoliberals make the assumption that states can be treated as unitary, rational actors pursuing their interests in an anarchic international system (Johnson, 2006:57). For the realist, the international system is portrayed as a brutal arena where states look for opportunities to take advantage of each other, and therefore have little reason to trust each other. Daily life is essentially a struggle for power, where each state strives not only to be the most powerful actor in the system, but also to ensure that no other state achieves that lofty position (Mearsheimer, 1995:9). However, realisms anarchy problematique is outdated, and multilateralism needs to address the more substantive-global problematique of trans-border human security challenges, such as poverty, pollution, climate change, terrorism, drugs, crime and violence- not just state security but human security (Johnson, 2006:57) Realists frame the world in terms of sovereign states competing to maximise their power and individual security. Multilateralism is viewed as a kind of mechanism through which states that rely on self-help can cooperate on the basis of temporarily shared interest (Johnson, 2006:58). Furthermore, the realists consider that the practices, processes and outcomes of multilateralism essentially reflect the participating states power and interest which may shift overtime. By contrast, neoliberals see the institution itself playing a role in embedding norms and practices that integrate themselves in further multilateral practice and institutions, in the neoliberal view, even if the realist are correct in believing that anarchy constrains the willingness to cooperate, states nevertheless can work together and can do so especially with the assistance of institutions (Johnson, 2006:59). MULTILATERALISM VERSUS BILATERALISM: THE CASE OF NORTH KOREA When assessing negotiation approaches for global problems such as nuclear proliferation, it is convenient to assume the liberalist stance of multilateral diplomacy. The commonly cited indispensible element of any negotiation would be to involve all the parties with interests (Diplomats, 2009:1).There are other reasons why multilateral diplomacy such as the six-party talks seems to make sense. Instruments of diplomacy such as economic sanctions and diplomatic pressure are thought to be weaker unless applied multilaterally and there is also the likelihood that a number of bilateral negotiations, where there are conflicting goals, can derail an ongoing multilateral diplomatic effort (Diplomats, 2009:1-2). For the purpose of this essay, this paper suggests that it is better to think multilateral and act bilateral. The bilateral discussions must pre-empt any multilateral talks especially when the North Korean leaderships shows interest to talk. This could be in a series of bilateral meetings (Park, 2005:75-91). A combination of bilateral and multilateral negotiation strategies is the essence of progress in North Korea. The focus however should be on bilateral negotiations that pre-empt framework that suggest Thinking multilaterally and acting bilaterally. This reduces the impact of perceived weaknesses of bilateral approaches such as less effective sanctions and conflicting goals and methods. As long as the overriding multilateral framework has transparency and is cloaked by efficient reporting, no issues of isolation, belligerence or lack of consensus would arise (Diplomat, 2009:3-4). CONCLUSION Having critically examined, whether multilateral diplomacy is the preferred path for larger states, and whether bilateral diplomacy still have a role to play, looked at multilateralism from a realist and neoliberals perspective, and made a thorough examination of the two diplomatic approaches, this paper arrives at a conclusion. The position of this paper remains that in as much as bilateral diplomacy has a role to play, multilateral diplomacy remains the most effective diplomatic strategy in confronting current global threats.